BRA 



BRADYPUS, 1. i6, for floth r. bear; 1. 20, after 

 megatherium, add — (which fee). 



BRAIN, Chemical Analyfis of. For Adipoci^ r. AdI- 



POCIRE. 



A new and elaborate analyfis of the brain has been lately- 

 made by Vauquelin ; but it muft be coiifefled that his refults 

 throvy no light whatever, upon the manner in which its 

 conftituents are combined, or to what its peculiar appear- 

 ance is owing. The following are the refults : loo parts 

 contain, 



Water - - - 8o. 

 White fatty matter - 4.53 



Reddifh fatty matter - .70 



Albumen - - . n. 



Ofmazome - - 1.12 



Fhofphorus - - i.jo 



Acids, falts, and fulphur 5.15 



1 00 



BRAINTREE, in Geography. In 181 1, the parifb of 

 Braintree contained 508 houfes, and 2298 perfons ; 1082 

 being males, and 12 16 females. The parifh of Bocking 

 contained 537 houfes, and 2544 perfons ; 1 1 34 being males, 

 and 1410 females. 



Braintree, in America, 1. 4, r. 850; I. 12, The inha- 

 bitants, in 18 10, were 135 1. 



BRAMPTON, 1. 10, r. Ini8i i, the number of houfes 

 was ftated to be 265, and of inhabitants 2043 ; 920 being 

 males, and 1 1 23 females: 52 families being employed in 

 agriculture, and 394 in trade and manufactures. 



BRANDON, 1. ult. r. In 181 1, Brandon parifh contained 

 206 houfes, and 1360 perfons; 646 being males, and 714 

 females. 



Brandon, in America, 1. 2, r. 1375- 



BRANDYWINE. Add — containing 1 257 inhabitants. 

 — Alfo, a hundred in the diftrift of Delaware, and county 

 of New-Caftle, containing 2257 inhabitants. 



BRANFORD. Add — It contains 1932 inhabitants. 



BRANTRIM, a townfhip of Luzerne county, in Penn- 

 fylvania, containing 904 inhabitants. 



BRASAVOLA, in Botany, has received its name from 

 Mr. Brown, in memory of Antonius Mufa Brafavolus, or 

 ^rafavolo, an Italian phyfician and botanift, born at Fer- 

 rara in 1500. Haller, who inaccurately fpells his name 

 Brajfavolus, fpeaks of him as not unlearned in books or 

 languages, or in the plants of his own country. His works, 

 which have been often republifhed, relate chiefly to the 

 Materia Medka. Their author vifited France in 1528, and 

 died in 1555. — Brown in Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 5. 216. — Clafs 

 and order, Gynandria Monandr'ia. Nat. Ord. Orchidea. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx and petals diftinct, fpreading. Lip 

 undivided, with a fimple claw. Anther a terminal lid. 

 Maffes of pollen eight or more. 



We do not feel competent to form an opinion of this 

 genus, having no knowledge but of one fpecies. Mr. 

 Brown, who has more in contemplation, confiders the 

 maffes of pollen being fopjetimes more than eight a very 

 remarkable characler. 



I. B. cucullaiii. Single-flowered Brafavola. Ait. n. i. 

 (Cymbidium cacuUatum ; Swartz in Ad. Nov. Upf. v. 6. 

 73. Wiild. Sp. PI. v. 4. 100. Epidendrum cucullatum ; 

 Linn. Sp. PI. 13^0. Curt. Mag. t. 543. Helleborine flo- 

 ribus albis cucuSalis ; Plum. Ic. 173. t. 179. f. I.) — Stem 

 nearly fingle-flowered. Lip fringed. — Native of the Weft 

 Indies. Brought tq Kew by admiral Bligh, in 1793. It 

 £owers in the ftove, fjrom June to September. The^^m is 



Vol. XXXIX. 



B R E 



fimple, about a fpan high, rtieathed with a few fcales, and 

 crowned with one, rarely two, long, very narrow, keeled, 

 flefhy leaves, and as many large, white, long-ftalkcd, nearly 

 fcentlefs, but verj' elegant, ^owerj ; their drooping calyx 

 znd peta/s, two or three inches long, furrounding the long, 

 pointed, curioufly fringed lip. 



BRASSIA, thus named by Mr. Brown, in due comme- 

 moration of the late Mr. Brafs, a fkilful botanical traveller 

 and draughtfman, who collected feeds, plants, and dried 

 fpecimens, on the Guinea coaft, for fir J:"" Banks, Dr. Fo- 

 thergill, and Dr. Pitcaim, and whofe fketches, being inoft 

 liberally lent by fir Jofeph Banks to Dr. Afzelius, in his viCt 

 to Sierra Leone, were malicioufly damaged, and partly de- 

 ftroyed, out of charafterillic and wanton brutality, by 

 fome piratical flave-mongers, under the French flag, during 

 the late war, who ftruck the firft blow towards the ruin of 

 the colony. (See Sierra Leone.) — Brown in Ait. Hort. 



Kew. v. 5. 215 Clafs and order, Gynandria Monandr'ia. 



Nat. Ord. Orchtdet. 



Efl^. Ch. Calyx and petals fpreading, diftinft. Lip 

 dilated, undivided, nearly flat. Column fimple. Anther 

 a moveable lid. Maffes of pollen two ; divided behind ; 

 attached by their middle to a common procefs of the 

 ftigma. 



I. B. macidata. .Spottt-d-flowered Braffia. — Native of the 

 Weft Indies. Imported by fir Jofeph Banks in 1806. A 

 large and very handfome plant, with broad ftieathing coria- 

 ceous leaves, and a clufter of large Jloivers, whofe calyx 

 and petals are green, the broad Up white ; all beautifully 

 and varioufl^- fpotted with purple. 

 BRATTLEBOROUGH, 1. 3, r. 1891. 

 BREAD of Bees. See Pain des Abeilles. 

 Bread of Wood. Sec Wood. 



BREAST, Inflammation of, in Surgery. Thediagnofis of 

 this diforder is fufficiently obvious, from the prefence of 

 fuch fyraptoms as are charafteriftic of inflammation in gene- 

 ral, and which are detailed in our account of this fubjeA in 

 a former volume. Inflammation may be confined to the 

 fl<in and cellular fubftance of the breaft ; or it may affeft 

 more particularly the gland\ilar part of this organ. Accord- 

 ing to ufually-received opinions, either of thefe cafes may 

 originate from a fuppreffion or obftruftion of the lecretion 

 of milk, rough handling of the breaft, external violence, 

 ftoppage of the menfes, impediment to the difcharge of the 

 lochia, &c. When the inflammation is moderate, it gene- 

 rally terminates in refolution ; but when more levere, or 

 improperly treated, an abfcefs is the confequence. Though 

 confiderable indurations are often produced in the breaft by 

 .attacks of common inflammation, it is but in a hmited pro- 

 portion of cafes that fuch hardnefs partakes of the true 

 fcirrhous or cancerous nature. 



The treatment of inflammation of the breaft is to be regu- 

 lated in a great meafure by the kind of caufe that has given 

 origin to the complaint ; a fubjeft which cannot be duly 

 underftood without adverting to what has been faid in the 

 various ifiedical and furgical articles of this work on the 

 different fpecies of inflammation. Inflammation of the breaft 

 is moft frequent in women within the firft three months 

 after delivery ; and the beft means of preventing the diforder 

 confifts in having the milk drawn or fucked out of the 

 nipple fome weeks previoufly to delivery. But when the 

 inflammation already exifts, or threatens to begin, the {ame 

 pl:«i of drawing or fucking the breatl Ihould be purfued ; 

 and, together wth general "^antiphlogiftic remedies, the fur- 

 geon may have recourfe to emollient applications, leeches, 

 fomentations, and when the acute ftage of the inflammation 

 is over, to gentle friaion with liniments, or to the employ- 

 ^ 3 E ment 



