B R U 



B R U 



■which the writer of this acknowledges himfelf entitled to a 

 ^hare of the blame. 



BROTHERS' Valley, in Geography, a townfhip of 

 Pennfylvania, in Somerfet county, having 1314 inhabitants. 

 BROUGH. In 1811 this townfhip contained 131 

 houfes, and 758 perfons ; 369 being males, and 389 females. 



BROUGHTONIA, in Botany, fo caUed by Mr. 

 Brown, in memory of the late Mr. Arthur Broughton, of 

 Briftol, author of an " Enchiridion," or fyftematic manual, 

 of Britilh plants, pubhihed in 1782 ; and, after his removal 

 to Jamaica, of the Hortus Eajlenfis, and of a Catalogue of 

 the Botanic garden ia the mountains of Liguanea. — Brown 

 \r. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 5. 217. — Clafs and order, Gynandria 

 Monandria. Nat. Ord. Orchidex. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx and petals fpreading. Column unconnefted, 

 or attached at the bafe only to the ftalked lip. Anther a 

 moveable lid. MalTes of pollen four, parallel, divided by 

 complete permanent partitions, and extending at the bafe 

 into ai. elaftic granulated thread. 



Obf. In fome inftances the bafe of the lip is elongated 

 into a lit.le tube, attached to the gi'rmen. 



I. B. fanguinea. Blood-red Broughtonia. Ait. n. i. 

 (Dendrobium fa:;guineuni ; Swartz Nov. Aft. Upf. v. 6. 

 82. Ind. Occ. 1529. WiUd. Sp. PI. V. 4. 132. Vifcum 

 radice bulbofa minus, delphinii flore rubro fpeciofo ; Sloane 

 Jam. V. I. 250. t. 121. f. 2.) — Leaves oblong, in pairs 

 from the top of a bulb. Flower-ftalk divided. — Tliis 

 grows on trees and palifades in the woods of Jamaica, 

 forming tufts of leaf-bearing bulbs, the leaves hght green, 

 two inches long. Stalks radical, a foot high, with a few 

 handfome, corymbofe, dark cnmionfotuers. 



This is the only fpecies yet known in our ftoves, nor 

 have we an account of any other. 



BROUSSONETIA, in Botany, (fee Papyrius,) 

 ■where the hiftory and defcription of this curious tree are 

 given. 



BROWN Spar, or Bitter Spar. See Mineralogy, 

 Addenda. 



BROWNFIELD, 1. 2, for York r. Oxford; 1. 3, r. 



398. 



BROWNINGTON, a town of Vermont, in Orleans 

 countv, having 236 inhabitants. 



BROWNSVILLE. Add— It contains 698 inhabitants. 



BRUCHUS, 1. 8, dele which fee refpeftively, and in- 

 fert — the infefts of this genus are, in general, of a fmall 

 kind. The B. granarius is found among leaves, vetches, 

 and other feeds, the lobes of which it devours. It is about 

 two lines long, of a black colour, and its wing-fliells are 

 freckled with white fpecks ; the two fore-legs are reddifh, 

 and the thighs of the hind-legs armed with a tooth and for- 

 ceps. The 'Ei.feminarius is rather fmaller than the preced- 

 ing, but like it, without the denticle of the hinder thighs. 

 The exotic fpecies are chiefly natives of America. 



BRUNNERSTOWN, in Geography, a town of Ken- 

 tucky, in Jefferfon county, with 92 inhabitants, of whom 

 four are flaves. 



BRUNONIA, in Botany, fo named by the writer of this, 

 after his highly-valued friend Mr. Robert Brown, F.R.S. 

 librarian to the Linnsan fociety, no lefs eminent for acute- 

 nefs of obfer\-ation, than for deep botanical fcience, whofe 

 difcoveries in New Holland have fo often been brought 

 before our readers, and who met with this new and Angular 

 genus in that country. The memory of Dr. Patrick Browne, 

 the natural-hiftorian of Jamaica, being already preferved in 

 ihe Browx^a, (fee that article,) it has been found necef- 

 {2iy to adopt the above coBftructJon, authorifed by prece- 



dent, to avoid ambiguity — Sm. Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. ic. 

 365. Brown Prock. Nov. HoU. v. 1. 589. — Clafs and 

 order, Pentandria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Aggregate, or 

 perhaps Cam/i(2na«,?, Linn. Dipfacex, JuIT. ? Goodenovnt? 

 Brown. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth double, both inferior ; outer 

 of four membranous, nearly equal, ereft, concave, obtufe 

 leaves ; inner of one leaf, rather the longeft, turbinate, 

 permanent, with five feathery teeth. Cor. of one petal, 

 funnel-lhaped, longer than the calyx ; limb in five deep, 

 fpreading, nearly equal fegments, the two upper ones mod 

 deeply divided ; tube feparable into five narrow claws. 

 Stam. Filaments five, capillary, weak, inferred into the 

 receptacle ; anthers linear, united into a cylinder, the 

 length of the tube of the corolla. Pijl. Germen fuperior, 

 roundifh ; ftyle club-fhaped, about twice the length of the 

 ftamens ; ftigma turbinate, obtufe, concealed by two ver- 

 tical, equal, orbicular, concave, membranous, converging 

 valves. Peric. none, except the inner perianth, lined with 

 the membranous bafe of the corolla, both together enlarged 

 and hardened, and crowned with the five feathery teeth 

 elongated and divaricated, fo as to form a feed-crown. 

 Seed folitary, covered, ovate, deftitute of albumen, with 

 an erect embn'o. 



Eir. Ch. Corolla funnel-fhaped, five-cleft, irregular. 

 Anthers combined. Stigma with a bivalve fheath. Seed 

 one, clothed with the feathery -crowned inner calyx. 



The generic diftinftions of Brunonia are abundantly 

 eafy ; but to determine its natural order, or affinities, is 

 very difficult, the latter being fo many, and fo remote from 

 each other, that the plant refembles Horace's imaginary 

 feathered moniler, with a horfe's neck and human head. 

 Mr. Brown, in the lateft view he has taken of the fubjeift, 

 in a moft invaluable paper on the natural order of Compo- 

 fitdi, Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. 12. 133, has pointed out Bru- 

 nonia as a connefting link between that family and the 

 Goodeno-vix ; nor are various other links between thefe very 

 diffi:rent tribes wanting. With great candour he neverthe- 

 lefs admits whatever favours our idea of its relationfhip to 

 Dipfacd and Glohularit, and moreover adverts to circum- 

 ilances approaching it to the Stylidee, near allies of Goodi- 

 novia. Two fpecies only have been detefted. 



1. B. aujlralis. Aullralian Brunonia. Sm. as above, 

 367. t. 28. Br. n. 2. — Leaves clothed with fpreading 

 hairs. Segments of the calyx feathery all over.— Native of 

 the fandy coalh of the fouth part of New Holland. 

 Abundant in Van Diemen's ifland, and obferved alfo on 

 the oppofite (hore of New Holland, at Port Philhp, flower- 

 ing in January 1804. Mr. Brown. Herb apparently an- 

 nual, without a ftem, hairy all over, much refembling in 

 habit, colour, and pubefcence, the Linnian Scabiofa cretLa. 

 Root fimple, flender. Leaves radical, numerous, fpathulate, 

 pointed, fingle-ribbed, entire, tapering at the bafe, two or 

 three inches long, very hairy. Flotuer-ftalks radical, fcHi- 

 tary, fimple, hairy, efpecially the lower part, a foot high, 

 each bearing a head of numerous blue foiuers, not unlike 

 the Sheep's Scabious, Jafione montana, but rather larger, 

 and loofely hairy. The bead is fubtended by numerous, 

 nearly equal, fpieading, permanent, liairy bradeas, Ihorter 

 than the flowers; the inner ones fmaUeft, fohtary under 

 each flower. , 



2. B. fericea. Silky Brunonia. Sm. as above, 367. 

 t. 29. Br. n. 1.— Leaves filkv wth clofe-prefltd hairs. 

 Segments cf the calyx with naked coloured t,ps.— Gathered 

 by Mr. Brown, on the fandy fea-(hore at Pme Port, on the 



aft coaft of New Holland, juft withm the tropic, flower- 

 ng ia Augull i?02. The afpcft and pubefcence of this 



>ng 



