C A L 



Ell'. Ch. Calyx in four or five fegments. Petals four or 

 live. Stamens numerous, very long, in feveral various fets, 

 oppofite to the petals ; anthers linear, imdivided, vertical. 

 Capfule coated by the calyx, three-celled, permanent. Seeiis 

 numerous. 



Obf. Thejlamens in fome fpecies confift of uniform fets, 

 anfwerable to the number of the petals ; in others, two or 

 more of thofe fets are partially combined laterally, the 

 remainder being diminifhed to fimple threads, without 

 anthers, and this laft is the charafter of the genus as M. 

 Labillardiere underftood and defcribed it. But Mr. Brown 

 has, in conformity to nature and analogy, not limited it fo 

 ftridlly. We adopt his views of the genus, only begging 

 leave to conftruft the effential charafter without exceptions, 

 fuch phrafeology being beft avoided. The genus before us 

 comes next to Beaufortia, (fee that article,) and is full 

 as fplendid, differing from it effentially in the ftru&ure 

 of the anthers, and in having numerous feeds. From Me- 

 laleuca, (fee that article in vol. xxiii.) the difference is lefs 

 ftriking, but we believe very effential, confifting in the ver- 

 tical, not incumbent, anthers. To this Mr. Brown adds 

 that the Injlorefcence is unilateral. 



1. C. fanguinea. Blood-red Unequal Calotharanus. 

 Labill. Nov. Holl. V. 2. 25. t. 1 64. — Flowers four-cleft. 

 Sets of ftamens combined ; two of them imperfeft, diftinft. 

 Adult leaves linear-awlfhaped, compreffed, fmooth. — Native 

 of Lewin's land, flowering in December. h.Jhrub, fix feet 

 high, with round, fcarred branches. Leaves fcattcred, 

 flender, acute, entire, rather above an inch long ; hairy when 

 young. Flowers in fmall lateral feffile tufts, about the 

 length of the leaves, confpicuous for their hlooA-rtA Jlamens, 

 two fets of which unite to form a broad, wedge-fhaped, con- 

 cave body, divided at the top into numerous, vertical, parallel 



jilaments, each bearing an upright linear anther ; the two 

 remaining fets diminifhed to fimple, awl-lhaped threads, 

 without any anthers. Capfule fmall, globofe. 



2. C. quadr'ifida. Four -cleft Equal Calothamnus. Br. 

 in Ait. n. i. Sims in Curt. Mag. t. 1506. — Flowers four- 

 cleft. Sets of ftamens equal and diftinft, with many anthers. 

 Adult leaves fmooth, as well as the fruit. — Gathered by Mr. 

 Brown, on the fouth-weft coaft of New Holland. Sent to 

 Kew in 1803, by Mr. Good, along with the two following. 

 This bears fplendid fcarlet Jlowers, whofe beauty however 

 depends on the large jlamnis, an inch and a half long, the 

 petals being fmall, pale, and inconfpicuous. The leaves are 

 linear -obovate, or lomewhat fpatulate, but extremely narrow, 

 hardly more than an inch in length. 



3. C. villofa. Hairy Five-cleft Calothr.mmis. Br. in 

 Ait. n. 2. — " Flowers five-cleft. Sets of ftamens equal and 

 diftinft, with numerous anthers. Adult leaves villous, as 

 well as the fruit." — Found by Mr. Brown on the fouth-weft 

 coaft of New Holland. A green-houfe^jrui, flowering at 

 Kew, from July to September. 



4. C. gracilis. Slender-leaved Calothamnus. Br. in 

 Ait. n. 3. — " Flowers five-cleft. Sets of ftamens equal and 

 diftinftjwith only three anthers to each. Leaves elongated, 

 fmooth, as well as the prominent capfule. Stem branched." 

 Native of the fame country as the laft. 



No othfr fpecies have been hitherto defcribed. 



CALOTROPIS, from xaXo;, handfome, and \o-rrt:, a keel, 

 alluding to the beauty of the flower, and the keel-lhaped 

 leaves which compofe its crown. — Brown Tr. of Wern. Soc. 

 V. 1. 39. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 2. 78. — Clafs and order, 

 Penlandria Digynia. Nat. Ord. Contorttc, Linn. Jpocinea, 

 Juff. j4fcltpiade£, Br. 



Eff. Ch. Corolla. Crown of the ftamens fimple, of five 

 keel-fliaped leaves, attached lengthwife to the tube of the 



C A L 



ftamens; recurved at the bafe. MafTes of pollen i«r, 

 fmooth, pendulous. Stigma pointlefs. Follicles tumid,' 

 fmooth. Ereft fmooth milky Jhrubs, with broad oppofite 

 leaves, and handfome large Jlowers, in lateral corymbofe 

 panicles, inferted between the footftalks. Only two fpecies 

 are defcribed. 



I. C. procera. Bell-flowered Auricula-tree. Ait. n. i. 

 ( Afclepias procera ; Ait. ed. 1. v. i. 305. Willd. Sp. PI. 

 v. I. 1263. Schneev. Ic. t. 18. (See Asci^i'iAS, n. 29.) 

 A. gigantea ; Andr. Repof. t. 271. " ZJa-raek ; Le 

 Brun Voy. 315. t. 184.") — Segments of the corolla 

 fpreading. — Native of Perfia. A ftove ftirub impatient of 

 damp and cold, flowering from July to September. The 

 whole plant is glaucous, fix or feven feet high, with broad, 

 feffile, entire leaves. Flowers irregularly corymbofe, nu- 

 merous, larger than in moft of this tribe, an inch or more iii 

 width, of a rich brownifh-purple, powdered hke an Auri- 

 cula ; pale beneath. 



-• ^' gigantea. Curled-flowered Auricula-tree. Ait. 

 n. 2. (Afclepias gigantea ; Linn. Sp. PI. 312, excluding 

 the fynonyms of Plukenet and Alpinus. Willd. Sp. PL 

 v. I. 1264. (See AsotEPiAS, n. 6. ) Ericu ; Rheede Hort. 

 Mai. V. 2. 53. t. 31.) — Segments of the corolla reflexed, 

 with twifted points. — Native of fandy ground on the coaft 

 of Malabar. Very like the foregoing, but the corolla is 

 differently fhaped, as expreffed in the character, and is faid 

 to be variegated with white and purplifh-red, fmelling like a 

 lily. We beg leave to obferve, that if priority of date were 

 to determine generic names, without regard to the found re- 

 gulations of Linnaeus, Mr. Brown's elegant Calotropis muit 

 give way to Rheede's Ericu, as the appellation of this 

 genus, in fpite of law, fenfe, tafte, and convenience. 



Vol. VI. 



CALVERT, in Geography. Add— This county con- 

 tained, in 181 1, 8005 inhabitants, including 3937 flaves. 



CALYPSO, in Botany, an elegant claflical name of Mr. 

 Salift>ury's, from xaXuirli, to cover or conceal, not merely 

 alluding to the covering of the ftigma, but preferving a 

 poetical analogy between this botanical beauty, fo dllficult 

 of accefs, and the fecluded goddefs, whofe ifle was fabled to 

 be proteiled miraculoufly from the obfervation of naviga- 

 tors. — Salilh. Parad. 89. Brown in Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 5. 

 208. Purfh 593. — Clafs and order, Gynandria Alonandria. 

 Nat. Ord. Orchidets. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx-leaves and petals all turned upwards. 

 Lip inflated, with a double fpur in front. Column winged. 

 Anther a terminal deciduous lid ; maffes of pollen four. 



I. C. borealis. Northern Calypfo ; Saliftj. Pai-ad. t. 89. 

 Purfti n. I. (C. americana ; Br. in Ait. n. I. Cypripe- 

 dium bulbofum; Linn. Sp. PI. 1347- ^1- Lapp. ed. 2. 

 257. t. 12. f. 5. Sm. Spicil. 10. t. II. Orchis lappo- 

 nenfi 



fcap- 



is monofoha ; Rudb. Elyf. v. 2. 209. f. 10. Serapias 

 ,.„^.o unifloro ; Gmcl. Sib. v. i. 7. t. 2. f. 1.)— Native of 

 Ruffia, and Oftrobothnia, [Linn.) Nova Scotia, and feveral 

 pails of the weft coaft of North America. Menzies. 

 Found on the banks of the Columbia river, by governor 

 Lewis. Purjh. Root of a few aggregate bulbous knobs. 

 i,fa/fo!itary, radical, ovate, many-ribbed, ipottcd. Stalk 

 fcaly, three to fix inches high, bearing one large, beautitui, 

 crimfon >^^,-, with a purphlh lip, bearded with yellow. 

 We have in vain fought for any permanent fpecihc ditter- 

 ence between the American and European p'ant. 



CALYSTEGIA, a genus feparatcd by Mr. Brown, 



Prodr. N^. Holl. v. I. 483. f™'" Convolvulus, and cluefiy 



diftinguiflied by the great fize of the two \^7^j braaeas, 



° ' inclofin^ 



