C E L 



C E N 



CAULOPHYLLUM, Michaux Bor.-Amer. v. i. 204. 

 Purlh 218. See Leoxtice. 



CAUSTIC, Lunar, 1. 18, r. revived. 



CAUSTIS, in Botany, xccvrtf, fioi-cheJ hay or corn, al- 

 luding to the dry (heaths of the ftem, which appear as if 



burnt Brown Ftpdr. Nov. Holl. v. I. 239.— Clafs and 



order, Trlandrla Momgynla. Nat. Ord. Calamarin, Linn. 

 Cyperaceii, JufT. Br. 



Eff. Ch. Spikelets nearly fingle-flovvered. Scales fafci- 

 culated, the empty ones numerous. No briftles beneath the 

 germen. Style dilated at the bafe. Stigmas three or four. 

 Nut tumid, crowned with the bulbous bafe of the ftyle. 



Obf. One fpecies has f\\ej}amens, a circumftance marked 

 by Mr. Brown as very extraordinary. 



Thefe are rigid rufliy plants, growing on dry heaths in 

 New Holland. Their Jlems are leaflefs ; round and undi- 

 vided in the lower part ; panicled and femi-cylindrical above ; 

 the ultimate branches awl-fhapcd and leaf-like. The Jlems 

 are clothed with entire withered fiieaths, extended on one 

 fide into an awl-fhaped point, of the fame colour. Spikelets 

 panicled, fmall, fometimes dioecious. Nut ovate, white, 

 opaque. Broivn. 



1 . C. Jlexuofa Panicles loofe, zigzag ; their ultimate 



branches fmooth. Scales of the fpikelets fmooth. — Found 

 at Port Jackfon. 



2. C. (iioica. — Panicles zigzag, rather denfe ; ultimate 

 branches rough-edged. Scales of the fpikelets downy. — 

 Native of the fouth coaft of New Holland. 



3. C. pentandra. — Principal and partial branches ftifF. 

 Stamens five. — Found near Port Jackfon. 



CAWZI, or Cazi, denotes in India a Mahometan judge 

 or juftice, who alfo officiates as a public notary by affixing 

 his feal. This is the fame with the officer named Cadi in 

 Turkey. 



CAYUGA, in Geography, a county of New York, con- 

 taining 29,843 inhabitants, of whom 75 are flaves. 



CECIL, 1. 3, add — in 18 10, 13,066 inhabitants, of 

 whom 2469 are Haves. Add at the clofe — containing 1 1 67 

 inhabitants. 



CEDAR Creek, a hundred of SufTex county, in 

 Delaware, having 3874 inhabitants, of whom 310 are 

 ' flaves. 



CELEMINE, a corn meafure in Spain. See Caffise. 



CELESTINE Sulphate of Stronlian. See Strontian. 



CELSIUS, Andrew^, in Biography, an eminent 

 Swedifh aftronomer, was born at Upfal in 1701, and 

 diftinguiflied by his knowledge of mathematics, and more 

 efpecially of aftronomy, to which his attention was prin- 

 cipally devoted. In 1730 he was appointed by the king 

 profeffor of aftronomy, and he contributed very much 

 to the revival of the ftudy of this fcience in his native 

 country, where it had been much negleftcd. With this 

 view, he travelled into foreign countries, vifiting Germany 

 in 1732, and Italy \n 1733. Fi''^'ti Bologna he went to 

 Rome ; and having an opportunity of meafuring the power 

 of light, he concluded from hisexperiments on this fubjeft, 

 that the light of the moon, at new moon, is eight times 

 weaker than at full moon : and that the light of the fun is 

 320,000 times ftronger than that of the moon ; and when in 

 the meridian, thirty times more powerful than in the horizon. 

 From Rome he removed to Paris in 1734, and was there 

 engaged to accompany Maupertuis and other eminent 

 aftronomers, who were appointed to meafure a degree 

 under the polar circle ; a problem of great importance in 

 determining the figure of the earth. To the fuccefs of this 

 miffion he very much contributed by his journey to London 

 in 1736, ill order to procure inftruments of Qri^''^''"^''' con- 



I2t 



ftru£lion, and here he had the fatisfaftion of being intro- 

 duced to feveral fcientific perfons. On his return from 

 this mifllon, he was recompenfed for his fervices by a penfion 

 of 1000 livres, granted to him by the French government, 

 as well as the quadrants which had been ufed at Tornca. 

 In 1 737 he returned to his own country, where he crefted, in 

 his own garden, a turret for the purpofe of making obfer- 

 vations; but in 1739, in confequence of adiffertationpubhihed 

 at Upfal on the importance and utility of fuch obfervations, 

 a large public obfervatory was immediately begun and 

 completed in the following year. Thus furnifhed witli 

 the means of making his obfervations, he was indefatigable 

 in the ufe of them, and in the corrc6tion of tables which 

 had been before conftrufted. But on his obfervations of 

 various kinds, and their praftical refult, our limits will not 

 allow us to enlarge. His fame was daily increafing, fo 

 that he was a member of the Imperial Academy of the 

 Searchers into Nature, of the Academy of Berlin, of the 

 Royal Society of London, and of the Inilitute of Bologna. 

 He was alfo fecretary to the Society of Upfal, and to the 

 Academy of Sciences at Stockholm. His feparate works, 

 as well as his communications to learned focieties, were 

 numerous ; but his life and labours were terminated by a 

 confumption, in the 43d year of his age, in April 1744, 

 Gen. Biog. Appendix. 



CEMENT. Mr. Parkes, in his " Effays," (vol. i. 

 p. 320.) recommends the following fire-cake, as that 

 which he employs, becaufe he has not been able to difcover 

 a better ; vix. good clay two parts, fharp waflied fand eight 

 parts, and horfe-dung one part. Thefe materials, being 

 intimately mixed and beaten up with a little water, and the 

 whole afterwards thoroughly tempered like mortar, by tread- 

 ing it for a confiderable time with the feet. Mr. Watt's 

 fire-cake, which is a good one, is formed by pounding por- 

 celain clay from Cornwall, and mixing it to the confidence 

 of thick paint, with a folution of borax, in the proportion 

 of two ounces of borax to a pint of hot water. 



CENARRHENES, in Botany, from y^o:, empty, and 

 app'ijv, a male, fo named by M. Labillardiere, who took the 

 neftariferous glands for alternate abortive ftamens. — Labill. 

 Nov. Holl. v. I. 36. Brown Prodr. Nov. Holl. v. i. 371. 

 Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. 10. 158. — Clafs and order, Tetrandria 

 Monogyniu. Nat. Ord. Proteaceis, JufT. Br. 



Eff. Ch. Petals four, regular, tapering, deciduous. 

 Stamens inferted into the bafe of each petal. Neftari- 

 ferous glands four, at the bafe of the germen, ftalked. 

 Germen feffile. Stigma fimple. Drupa with a fingle 

 put. 



I. C. nitida. Labill. t. 50. — Native of the fouthern 

 part of Van Diemen's ifland. A fmooth tree. Leaves 

 alternate, ftalked, obovate-oblong, ihining, diftantly fer- 

 rated, three or four inches in length. Spiles much fhorter, 

 axillary, fohtary, fimple. Floiuers alternate, quite feffile, 

 with a fmall, broad, acute bra3ea to each. 



Mr. Brown has, in our opinion, moll happily determined 

 the natural order of this genus, which is nearly allied to 

 Personia (fee that article) ; and his excellent remarks in 

 the Linnaeari Tranfaftions, too long for infertion here. 



CF.NIS, col. 2, 1. 19, after plain, infert — about fix miles 

 long, covered with verdure ; 1. 46, add — From the higheft 

 of thefe mountains, Hannibal fhewed his foldiers the fine 

 country they were going to conquer. The higheft point 

 of Mount Cenis is 9261 feet at the grand crofs, on the fide 

 of Italy 6022 feet. 



CENOMYCE, in Botany, from xem-, empty, and ^uran, 

 a fort of fungus, alluding to the hollownefs of the little 

 fungus-fikc receptacles. — ^Achar, Syn. 248. " Lichenogr. 



105. 



