CEP 



105. t. II. f . 3 — 6." — Clafs and order, Cryptogamia Aigx. 

 Nat. Ord. Llchenes. 



Eff. Ch. Frond leafy, cartilaginous, lobed. Recep- 

 tacles orbicular, coloured, inflated, vvitliout a border, on 

 hollow tubular ilalks. 



This genus contains the Lhheins pyxidati of Linnius, 

 and embraces the B^omyces of Perfoon, and of Acharius 

 in his earlier works ; but the latter name now defignates 

 another genus, which the reader will find in the prefent 

 volume. Acharius has forty-two fpecies of Cenomycc. 

 Examples of the genus may be feen in Engl. Bot. t. 907. 

 J393, 1894, 2051, &c. 



CENTER of Rotation, col. 6, 1. 35, r. / x /C ; 1. 63, 

 r.pC. 



Center, in Geography, a town(hip of Columbiana, in 

 Ohio, having 1103 inhabitants. 



CENTRANTHERA, in Botany, from hs.I^ov, a fpur, 

 and ayGiijz, an anther. — Brown Prodr. Nov. HoU. v. i. 438. 

 — Clafs and order, Didynamia jlngtofpermta. Nat. Ord. 

 Perjonalx, Linn. Scrophiiiarinn, Br. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx fplit at one fide ; its five fegments 

 cohering at the other. Corolla funnel-daapcd ; limb fpread- 

 ing, five-lobed, unequal. Stamens within the tube. Lobes 

 of the anthers fpurred at the bafe. Stigma lanceolate. 

 Capfule with two cells, two valves, and a contrary partition 

 bearing the receptacle of the feeds, at length feparating from 

 the valves. 



I. C. hijpida. Br. n. I. — Found by fir Jofeph Banks, 

 in the tropical part of New Holland. An upright briftly 

 herh, with oppofite, undivided, narrow leaves, and a ter- 

 minal fpike. Floiuers purplifli, alternate, nearly upright, 

 each with three hraSeas. Capfule ovate, rather pointed, its 

 valves fometimes divided. Seeds minute, with a lax reti- 

 culated flcin. Albumen but fmall. Embryo round. Calyx 

 at length feparable into two divifions. Akin on the one 

 hand to Duchnera and Euphraria, on the other perhaps to 

 Dfltalis, being alfo allied to Sefamum, but dillinguifhed 

 by the ftrufture of the capfule, and the prefence of albumen. 

 The fligma requires further examination. Mr. Brown 

 thinks there is another fpecies found in the Eail Indies. 



CENTRE, in Geography, a county of Ponnfylvania, 

 containing 10,681 inhabitants. — Alio, a townfhip of Butler 

 county, in Pennfylvania, containing 742 inhabitants. 



CE^TRT.-Harbor, a town of Straflord county, in New 

 Hampfliire, containing 349 inhabitants. 



CENTROLEPIS, in Bol.wy, Labill. Nov. Holl. v. i. 7. 

 See Devauxia. 



CEPHALOTUS, r.^f^^-^.w":,; capitate, expreffive of the 

 o-landular head of each of the llamens. — Labill. Nov. Holl. 

 V. I. 6. Brown Bot. of Terra Auilr. 68. — Clafs and order, 

 Dodecandria Hexagynia. Nat. Ord. liofaceu:, Jufl". Br. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx in fix fegments, coloured. Petals none. 

 Stamens inferted into the rim of the calyx. Anthers glan- 

 dular at ttie back. Germens fingle-feeded. Styles vertical. 



\. C. foUicv'aris. New Holland Pitcher-plant. Labill. 

 as above, 7. 1. 145. Br. t. 4.— In marfhy ground, near 

 Kino- George's found and Princefs Royal harbour, on the 

 fouth-weft coaft of New Holland, flowering in December 

 and January. Herb perennial, witli fcarcely any flem. 

 Leaves at the top of each divifion of the crown of the root, 

 numerous, crowded, ftalked, elliptic -lanceolate, acute, entire, 

 fmooth, or flightly hairy, an inch and a half long, inter- 

 mixed with numerous, ftalked, deflexed, inflated, pitcher- 

 like vejfels, larger than the leaves ; double-winged, and 

 fringed, at the front and fides ; tumid and crenate at the 

 margin ; more or Icfs clofed by a convex ribbed lid. Each 

 is half full of a fwectiili water)' fluid, m which snts are 



C E R 



generally found drowned, as in Nepenthes (fee that 

 article) ; but thefe remarkable plants have no other charac- 

 ter in common. Flower-flalts central, folitary, nearly round, 

 hairy, leaflefs, twelve or eighteen inches high, each ter- 

 minating in a denfe, compound, obtufe clufer, of fmall 

 -fMte flowers. The fruit is unknown. 



CEPHALUS, a genus of the cartilaginous order of 

 fifhes, the fpecies of which have been united with thofe of 

 the genera of Diodon and Tetrodon ; which fee. Dr. Shaw 

 has given the following charafter of this genus : jaws bony ; 

 body terminating abruptly, fo as to refemble the head of a 

 fifh. The fpecies enumerated by Shaw are, C. irevis, or 

 tetrodon mola of Linnxus ; C. oblongus, or Tetrodon trun- 

 culus, or oblong diodon of Pennant ; C. varius, with body 

 variegated by whitifli undulations and fpots ; C. Pallaftanus, 

 the diodon mola of Gmel. Linn. 



CERASIN, in Chcmiflry, a name given by Dr. John to 

 a pecuHar vegetable fubftance, wliich has always been 

 hitherto confidered as a variety of gum. Its properties are 

 the following. 



It is a folid fubftance, having the general appearance and 

 tafte of gum ; though it is ufually harder than gum, and 

 not fo eafily reduced to powder. When put into cold water 

 it imbibes that liquid and fwells up very confiderably, and 

 becomes femi-tranfparent and gelatinous, but is not in the 

 leaft foluble, a property by which it is diftinguiflidd from 

 gum. It difiblves in boiling water, but again precipitates 

 as the liquid cools, and remains in the ftate of jelly. This 

 gelatinous mafs may be ufed like gum to pafto together 

 pieces of paper, Sec. It is infoluble in alcohol and ether ; 

 but cold water, acidulated with either of the mineral acids, 

 diffolves a fmall portion of it, and if heated, the whole. 

 When an alkaline folution is dropt into the nitric folution of 

 cerafin, a portion only of the cerafin is precipitated. If the 

 liquid be evaporated, the remainder is obtained converted 

 into a peculiar bitter-tafted fubftance. 



Tragacanth gum may be confidered as an example of 

 pure cerafin. ( See Tragacanth. ) Cerafin alfo conftitutes 

 a portion of the gummy matter that exudes from the prunus 

 cerafus, (hence the name,) prunus avium, prunus domeftica, 

 xanthera haftihs, &c. 



CERATIOLA, in Botany, from xfprwv, a tittle horn, 

 alluding to the appearance of the ftigma. — Michaux Bor.- 

 Am. v.2.221. Willd. Sp. PI. V.4.712. Purfh 21. — 

 Clafs and order, Dioscia Diandrta. Nat. Ord. Ericis affine ? 

 JufT. 



Eff. Ch. Male, Calyx none. Corolla none. 

 Female, Calyx none. Corolla none. Stigma in many 

 unequal fegments. Berry with two feeds. 



I. C. ericoides. Heath-like Ceratiola. Willd. n. i. 

 Purfli n. I. — Native of Georgia and Florida, in dry gravelly 

 foil ; plentiful on the iflands in the mouth of St. M.iry's " 

 river. Purfh. A fmall fhruh, determinately branched, 

 refembhng a heath ; young branches finely woolly. Leaves 

 four in a whorl, ftalked, linear, revolutc, rigid, finooth, 

 about half an inch long. Flowers from fmall lateral buds, 

 with concave, fringed fcalcs. Anthers large, of two c>JIs, 

 burfting lengthwifc. Segments of the fligma often combined 

 into two litUe horn-like bodies. Berry globular, red, half 

 the fize of a pea. Perhaps this might be confidered as an 

 Empetru.m deftitutc oi calyx and corolla; fee that article. 

 It forms however a better artificial genus than many daily 

 publiftied. We have fpecimens from Mr. Frafer. 



CERIUM, in Chemifry, the name of a metal. This 



metal, or rather its oxyd, is extraaed from a Swedifh mineral 



formerly confounded with tungften, and was firft obtained 



feparatcly by Klaproth, who cojifidered it as n Bcw earth, to 



' which 



