C H L 



C H L 



each with two hraBaas. Calyx rather leafy, revolute at the 

 edges. Corolla fulphur-coloured ; turned green by drying. 

 Nuts tumid in front. Seeds with fcarcely any albumen. 

 Broivn. 



1 . Ch. Jloechadis. Br. n. I . — Back of the leaves, and 

 outfide of the calyx, fnow-white, downy. Brafteas in the 

 middle of the flower -ftalks. — Native of Port Jackfon, New 

 South Wales. 



2. Ch. glandulofa. Br. n. 2. — Back of the leaves glan- 

 dular, and clothed, hke the outlide of the calyx, with fcat- 

 tered hairs. Brafteas at the bafc of the flower-ftalks. 

 — From the fame country. 



CHLORATES, in Chemiftry. See Chlohine. 



CHLORIC Jcld. See Chlorine. 



CHLORINE. This name was given by fir H. Davy to 

 the principle formerly termed Oxymuriatic jlcid, under 

 which head its leading properties are detailed. We have 

 only therefore to notice here fome important compounds 

 of this principle lately difcovered, efpecially thofe with 

 oxygen. 



The protoxyd of chlorine, or euchlorine, has been already 

 defcribed under the article above alluded to. For its 

 correft compofition, fee Table II. Atomic Theory. 



The deutoxyd of chlorine was difcovered about the fame 

 time by fir H. Davy and the count Von Stadion of Vienna, 

 but Davy's account of it was firft. publilhed. It may be 

 prepared by mixing together a fmall quantity of chlorate 

 of potalh (not more than fifty grains) in powder, with ful- 

 phuric acid, till the whole forms a dry pafte of an orange 

 colour. Put this pafte into a fmall glafs retort, and plunge 

 the belly of the retort into hot water, and keep it in that 

 pofition for fome time, taking care that the temperature 

 of the water never becomes fo high as 2 1 Z°. A bright yel- 

 lowi(h-green gas feparates from the pafte, which muft be 

 received in fmall glafs jars over mercury. This gas is the 

 deutoxyd of chlorine. Its colour, as above ftated, is a 

 bright yellowifh-green. Its fmell is peculiar and aromatic, 

 without any mixture of the fmell of chlorine. Water ab- 

 .forbs at leaft feven times its bulk of this gas. The folution 

 is deep yellow, and has an aftringent and corrofive tafte, 

 leaving a difagreeable and lafting impreffion on the tongue. 

 It deftroys without previoufly reddening vegetable colours, 

 provided they are moift. It does not aft upon mercury, nor 

 any other combuftible fubftance tried, except phofphorus, 

 which, when introduced into the gas, occafions an explofion, 

 and burns with great fplendour. When heated to 212° it 

 explodes with more violence than euchlorine, and emits a 

 great light. Two volumes of deutoxyd of chlorine, when 

 thus exploded, are converted into three volumes, according 

 to Davy, which confift of two volumes or four atoms of 

 oxygen and one of chlorine, ov per cent, of 



Chlorine 

 Oxygen 



- 52-94 



- 47.06 



And its fp. gr. will be 2.361, that of chlorine being fup- 

 pofed to be 2.5. According, however, to the count Von 

 Stadion's analyfis, this deutoxyd is compofed of one atom 

 chlorine, and only three of oxygen. 



Chloric Acid. — The exiftence of this compound of chlorine 

 yrith oxygen was fufpefted by BerthoUet, but it was firft 

 obtained by M. Gay Luffac. It is the acid which exifts in 

 what was formerly termed oxymuriate, but now chlorate of 

 potafti. It was procured by diflolving the chlorate of 

 barytes in water, and cautioufly adding dilute fulphuric 

 5 



acid to the folution, till the whole of the barytti, was fepa- 

 rated. The chloric acid remained in folution. Thio acid 

 has a ftrong four tafte, but no fenfible fmell. Its aqueou; 

 folution is colourlefs, and reddens vegetable blues without 

 deftroying them. By a gentle heat it may be concentrated 

 without being decompofed, or volatilized with the water. 

 When thus concentrated, it has an oily confiftency. When 

 the heat is raifed, it is partly volatilized, and partly decom- 

 pofed into chlorine and oxygen. Muriatic acid dtcompofeo 

 it fimilarly without heat : the nitric acid does not affeft it. 

 It combines with the different bafes forming chlorates, for- 

 merly termed oxymuriates, the moll important of which will 

 be prefently defcribed. Chloric acid has been proved to be 

 compofed of 



Chlorine 

 Oxygen 



- 47-2+ 



- 52-76 



100.00 



Or of one atom chlorine and five of oxygen. See Atomtc 

 Theory, Table II. 



Chlorate of Potajh. — This is the beft known and moll 

 important of the chlorates. See it briefly defcribed under 

 Hyperoxvmuriatic Acid. 



Chlorate of Soda. — This fait was firft accurately defcribed 

 by Chcnevix. It may be prepared by the fame procefs as 

 the chlorate of potafti ; but the eafieft mode of obtaining it 

 is, to diflolve carbonate of foda in chloric acid. It does not 

 readily cryftallize, but its cryftals when formed are fquare 

 plates. Its tafte is ftiarp and cooling. On burning coals it 

 melts into globules, and emits a yellow fight. When dif- 

 tilled it gives out oxygen, mixed with a little chlorine, and 

 the fait left behind has alkaline properties. 



Chlorate of Ammonia. — This fait may be formed by dif- 

 folving carbonate of ammonia in chloric acid, or by mixing 

 a folution of carbonate of ammonia with a folution of an 

 earthy chlorate. It cryftallizes in fine needles, and is very folu- 

 ble in water and alcohol. Its tafte is ftiarp. Thrown on 

 burning coals, it fulminates with a red flame. When 

 ftrongly heated, it is decompofed, chlorine is evolved mixed 

 with azote and oxygen, and fome muriate of ammonia remains 

 behind. 



Chlorate of Barytes. — The earthy chlorates are formed 

 with more difficulty than the alkahne. The chlorate of 

 barytes may be formed by pouring warm water on a quan- 

 tity of the pure earth prepared by Vauquelin's method, and 

 pafling a current of chlorine through the mixture. To 

 feparate the chlorate from the muriate, Vi'hich are both 

 equally foluble, and otherwife refemble each other, Mr. 

 Chenevix had recourfe to the ingenious expedient of boil- 

 ing phofphate of filver with the compound folution ; thus 

 muriate of filver and phofphate of barytes are formed and 

 eafily feparated, while nothing but the chlorate of barytes 

 remains in the folution, and may be eafily obtained. This 

 fait cryftallizes in Iquare priims, terminated by an oblique 

 face. It diflblves in about four times its weight of cold water. 

 The folution is neither precipitated by nitrate of filver nor 

 muriatic acid. It is infoluble in alcohol. When heated 

 it gives out oxygen gas, and an .ilkaline refiduum is left. 



Chlorate of Strontian. — This fait was formed by a procefs 

 fimilarto the above, and refembles it in many of its properties, 

 but is deliquefcent, and rather more foluble. 



Chlorate of Lime, and Chlorate of Magnefia, may be 

 formed as above. They are both deliquefcent, and very 

 foluble both in water and alcohol. 



The metallic Chlorates may be formed by diflolving the 



oxyds 



