C I T 



It is very piobable, that feveral fpecimens in the above 

 Table are duplicatcB, though we have no means of afcertain- 

 ino- this with certainty. AH the above barks produced a 

 green colour with iron, and moft of them produced a green 

 precipitate v^ith that metal. 



The fubftance which precipitated tannin was brown, ot a 

 bitter tafte, and lefs foluble in water than alcohol. It pre- 

 cipitated tartar emetic, but not glue. It refembled the refir.s 

 in fome refpeds, though it gave out ammonia when difuUed. 

 Upon the whole, thefe experiments, though they eftabH(h the 

 fad that differences exift among the various fpecies of cin- 

 chona, throw very little light upon the nature of their adive 

 ingredient or its mode of operation. 



CINCINNATI, dele 1. 9 and lo, and after paper, add 



"Yhe number of public buildings, or dwellings, is from 



IJOO to 1400; of inhabitants, in 1810, 2540, and in 1817, 

 8000, all whites ; the laws of Ohio prohibiting flavery, and 

 even the fettlement of free negroes, in the ftate, except in 

 certain cafes. About 400 houfes are built of ftone or brick, 

 many of which are three ftories high, and in a fuperior ftylc. 

 The Dublic edifices are of brick. Numerous manufadlures 

 are already eftablilhed, and a very extenfive commerce is 

 can-ied on by river navigation with Pittfturg, New Orleans, 

 and all the weftern ftates ; and by waggons with the interior 

 country. The manners and drefs of the inhabitants referable 

 thofe of the Enghlh. Cincinnati is faid to be the border of 

 the weltern world, and will probably be the largeft city in 

 America at no very diftant period. Forty years ago it was 

 the refort of Indians ; and the whole funounding country 

 was a wildernefs, full of wild beafts and favages. 



CINNAMON Stone. See Mineralogy, Addenda. 

 CIONE, Orgagna, dek. 



CIPHER, col. 36, 1. 35, for fyllables r. letters. 

 CIRCAR. At the clofe, add — Cirear denotes generally 

 the head of affairs, or the ftate and government, as well as 

 the great divifion of a province. It is alfo a name ufed by 

 Europeans in Bengal to fignify the Hindoo writer and 

 accountant, employed by themfelves or in the public affairs. 

 CIRCLE, col. 5, 1. 27 from the bottom, for 7854 r. 

 1571.43. Col. 6, 1. 3, Plate\. add — of AJlronomlcal Injlru- 

 ments. Col. 68, 1. 5 from the bottom, for cannot be r. 

 cannot but be. 



CIRENCESTER, coL 3, \. penult. By the return in 

 181 1, the borough of Cirencefter contained 902 houfes, and 

 4540 perfons ; w'z. 2030 males, and 2510 females: 207 

 families being employed in agriculture, and 5 26 in trade and 

 manufaAures. 

 CISTOTOME. See CysToxoMY. 

 CITRIC Acid, in Chemiflry. This acid has been lately 

 analyfed by Gay Luflac and Thenard, and ftill more re- 

 cently by Berzelius. The refults obtained by thefe able 

 chemifts differ confiderably, which are partly to be afcribed 

 to the prefence of water in the acid analyfed by Gay Lufiac. 

 ( See Analysis of Organized Subjlances. ) The fellowing 

 Table exhibits thefe refults. 



If we confider the numbers of Berzelius as moft -accu- 

 rate, citric acid may be fuppofed to confift of two atoms 

 hydrogen, four of carbon, and four of oxygen, and the 

 weight of an integrant atom will be 72.5. Dr. Thomfon, 

 however, is difpoled to confider another atom of hydrogen, 

 or three atoms, to be prefent in citric acid, which fuppofi- 

 tion he ftates will render the weight of its integrant atom 

 more accordant with the beft analyfes of the citrates. 



C L A 



CLACKMANNAN. Add— In 181 1, the pai-ifli o." 

 Clackmannan contained 693 houfes, and 3605 perfons; wz. 

 1657 males, and 1948 females. 



CLACKMANNANSHIRE. By the returns of 181 1, 

 this ftiire contained 1995 houfes, and 12,010 perfons ; vi%. 

 5715 males, and 6295 females : 2^0 families being employed 

 in agriculture, and 893 in trade and manufadlures. 



CLADIUM, in Botany, from xXaJo-, a tivig, alluding 

 to its habit. — Browne Jam. 1 14. Brown Prodr. Nov. 

 Holl. V. I. 236. — A genus founded on Schoenus Marifcin 

 of Linnaeus. (See ScHOENtJs. ) This plant grows in the 

 Weft Indies and New Holland, as well as in Europe. Mr. 

 Brown, who defines thirteen New Holland fpecies, gives the 

 following 



Eft. Ch. Glumes imbricated every way, one or two- 

 flowered ; the outer ones empty. Germen -Afithout briitlcs 

 or fcales underneath. Style deciduous, without a joint at 

 the bafe. Nut naked and fmooth, with a fmooth kernel. 



CLADONIA, from its ttviggy habit, a name given by 

 Hoffmann to a tribe of Lichens, now funk in Cenomyce ; 

 fee that article. 



CLAIBORNE, in Geography, a county of Eaft Tenneffee, 

 having 4798 inhabitants, of whom 327 are flaves. — Alfo, a 

 town of Mifliflippi territory, in Adams' county, containing 

 1538 inhabitants, of whom 14 are flaves. 



CLAIR, a county of the Illinois territory, containing 

 nine townftiips, and 5007 inhabitants, of whom 40 are 

 flaves. 



Clair, St. Add — It is a town of Butler county, 

 having 11 80 inhabitants. — Alfo, a town of Columbiana 

 county, in the fame ftate, having 1003 inhabitants. — Alfo, 

 a townfliip of Pennfylvania, in Alleghany county, containing 

 3080 inliabitants. 



CLARCKIA, \n Botany, fo named by Mr. Purfti, in 

 honour of general Daniel Clai'ck, the companion of the late 



governor Lewis, in his botanical travels Purfli 260. — Claf^ 



and order, 03andr'ia Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Calycanthema, 

 Linn. Onagris, JufT. 



Efl". Ch. Calyx four-cleft, tubular. Petals four, haftate. 

 Four filaments without anthers. Stigma in four dilated 

 lobes. Capfule inferior, of four cells. 



I. C. pukhella. Elegant Clarckia. Purfli n. I On 



the Koolkooiky and Clarck's rivers. Governor Lewis. Bi- 

 ennial, flowering in June. Stem ere£l, a foot or more in 

 height, round, leafy, flightly branched upwards. Leaves 

 fcattered, fefiUe, linear, entire, fmooth, an inch or two long. 

 Flowers axillary, folitary, fomewhat ftalked, large and 

 handfome, of a fine purple or rofe colour. Petals in three 

 equal, abrupt, fpreading lobes. Anthers only four, involute. 

 Stigma pale yellow, in four broad, rounded, petal-like lobes. 

 CLARE, in Suffolk. By the returns of 18 11, theparifti 

 contained 253 houfes, and 1 1 70 perfons; viz. 591 males, 

 and 579 females. 



CLAREMONT, 1. 6, r. 2094 Alfo, a town of Maf- 



fachufetts, in Hampftiire county, having 987 inhabitants. 



CLARENDON, a townftiip of America, 1. 4, after 

 contains, infert — 1797. 



CLARKE. Add — The county contains 10,981 inha- 

 bitants, of whom 2695 are flaves ; and the town has 538 

 perfons, including 239 flaves. 



CLARKSBURG. Add— Alfo, a town of Maffachu- 

 fetts, in Berkfliire county, having 231 inhabitants. — Alfo, 

 a county of Georgia, whofe town is Athens, containing 

 2405 inhabitants, of whom 30 are flaves : its town contains 

 134, including 4 flaves. 



CLASSIFICATION of Animals, &c. 1. 33, infert 

 — For the claffes of animals, formed from a knowledge of 



the 



