C Y A 



pofed of cyanogen and fulphur, but it is probable that Mr. 

 Porrctt's view of its compofition will be hereafter found 



correiS. 



The fulphocyanatei of potafh, foda, ammonia, barytas, 

 ftrontian, lime, and magnefia, are all deliquefcent falts 

 folublc in alcohol. The fulphocyanate of foda, lime, 

 barytes, and ilrontian, are capable of cryftallizing, the others 

 are not. The fulphocyanate of alumina is not dehquefcent, and 

 readily cryftallizes. The fulphocyanate of the protoxyd of 

 iron is colourlefs, and very foluble. The fulphocyanate of 

 the peroxyd of this metal is of a beautiful crimfon colour, 

 deliquefcent, and does not cryflalhze, and this is one of the 

 moil flriking charafteriftics of this acid. The fulphocyanate 

 of the peroxyd of copper is a white powder infoluble in 

 water and moft acids. The other falts are not remarkable, 

 and confequently polTefs little intereil. The foUowing is a 

 fhort account of fome of the falts formed by this acid. 



Ferrocyanic Add ; the Ferruretted Chya'z.ic Acid of Mr. 

 Porrett its Difcoverer. — This is the acid which combines 

 ■with different bafes, and forms what were formerly deno- 

 minated triple prujfiales, iron being fuppofed to form part 

 of their bafe, whereas Mr. Porrett has demonftrated that 

 this metal forms a conftituent of the acid itfelf. This 

 acid may be obtained by the following fimple procefs : — 

 Diflblve in cold water any quantity of the triple prujfiate 

 of barytes, and for every ten grains of the fait add about 

 2.5 grains of real fulphuric acid, agitate the mixture and 

 fet it afide fome time. The barytes will be precipitated in 

 union with the fulphuric acid, and leave the ferrocyanic 

 acid in folution in the water. When obtained, it has a pale 

 lemon colour, and is deftitute of fmell. It is decompofed 

 by a gentle heat and expofure to a ftrong light, hydrocyanic 

 acid being formed, and the white triple prufTiate of iron 

 depofited. When combined with the different bafes, it 

 forms at once the falts formerly termed triple prufliates. 

 It difplaccs acetic acid from all its combinations without 

 lieat, and difplaces all other acids when it forms infoluble 

 compounds with the bafes to which they were united. Mr. 

 Porrett, from his analyfis, concludes that this acid is com- 

 pofed of 



Hydrocyanic acid - - 63.79 

 Black oxyd of iron - - 36.21 



Dr. Thomfon, however, from analogy, is difpofed to con- 

 fider it as a compound of cyanogen and iron, but it is pro- 

 bable that Mr. Porrett's views are correft. Moft of the 

 Jerrocyanates have been already defcribed under the different 

 bafes, by the old name of the triple prujjiates. For the moft 

 important of thefe, 01: t\\<i triple prujTiateoi iron, fee Iron and 

 Prussian Blue. 



CYATHODES, in Botany, wiMnc, cup-like, alluding 

 to the ftiape of the neftary — Labill. Nov. Holl. v. I. 57. 

 Brown Prodr. Nov. HoU. v. I. 539.— Clafs and order, Pen- 

 tandria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Epacrides, Br. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx five-cleft, with numerous fcales at the 

 bafe. Corolla funnel-lhaped ; tube fcarcely longer than the 

 calyx, naked and fmooth within ; limb fpreading. Fila- 

 ments within the tube. Drupa pulpy. Nut with five or 

 ten cells. i- r f; 



Stem flirubby, ered, branched, fometimes almoft arbo- 

 reiMnt. Leaves ftriated at the back. Flowers axillary, 

 ereft, or flightly drooping, fmall. Nj^ary a five-toothed 

 *""?> T*^ dill<, beneath the germen. 



Mr. Brown differs from Labillardiere in his ideas of the 

 ipecies which properly belong to this genus. He defines 



C Y R 



fix New Holland fpecies. i. C. glauca, Labill. t. 81 ; 

 2. C.Jlraminea ; 3. C. deallata. All thefe have fome de- 

 gree of hairinefs on the corolla. 4. C. parvifolia ; 5. C. 

 oxycedrus, (Styphelia oxycedrus, Labill. t. 69.) ; and 6. C. 

 abietina, (Styphelia abietina, Labill. t. 68.) Thefe have 

 a fmooth corolla. Ardijia acerofa, Ga:rtn. t. 94, belongs to 

 this fccond feftion, and Mr. Brown has feen three South- 

 fea fpecies in fir Jofeph Banks's herbarium. 



The prefent genus ftands between Mehchrus and Lis- 

 SANTHE ; fee thofe articles. 



CYATHUS, Jci/aSor, a cup, Perf. Syn. Fung. 2_^6, a 

 genus of rather fmall Fungi, to which fome botanills have 

 given a ftill more expreffive name, Nididaria, (fee Sowcrb. 

 Fung. t. 29.) The whole plant confifts of a leathery cup, 

 containing feveral lenticular bodies, fuppofed to contain the 

 feeds, and all together refembling a bird's neil with eggs. 

 Perfoon has feven fpecies. 



CYCLOPIA, from x.vk'K'j:., a circle, and irou;, afoot, be- 

 caufe of the circular fold round the ftalk of the legume — 

 Venten. Dec. Gen. Nov. 8. Brown in Ait. Hort. Kew. 

 V. 3. 5. (Ibbctfonia ; Sims in Curt. Mag. 1259.) — Clafs 

 and order, Decandria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Papdionacete, 

 Linn. LeguminofiE, Juff. 



Eft. Ch. Calyx five-cleft, unequal ; intruded at the bafe. 

 Corolla papilionaceous ; ftandard furrowed lengthwife ; 

 wings with a tranfverfe plait. Stamens deciduous. Stigma 

 bearded at one fide. Legume compreffed, with many feeds. 



I. C. geuefloides. Narrow-leaved Cyclopia. Ait. n. I. 

 (Sophora geniftoides ; Linn. Sp. PI. 534. Podalyria genif- 

 toides ; Willd. Sp. PI. v. 2. 502. Ibbetfonia geniftoides ; 

 Curt. Mag. t. I 259. Gompholobium maculatum ; Andr. 

 Repof, t. 427.) — Leaflets awl-fliaped, pointlefs as well as 

 the calyx. Brafteas oblong-ovate, fhorter than the flovver- 

 ftalks. Young branches fmooth. — Native of the Cape of 

 Good Hope. A bufliyyZ)/-«i, denfely clothed with ternate, 

 fcffile, narrow, fmooth leaves. The jlwwers are axillary, 

 large, yellow, with crimfon ftreaks at the bafe of the 

 Jlandard. 



Of the remaining fpecies we have no account. 



CYNODON, from wm, a dog, and o^£u», a tooth, a genus 

 founded by fome authors on the Panicum DaBylon of 

 Linnsus, a grafs known in moft of the temperate or warm 

 parts of the globe, to which Mr. Brown adds two tropical 

 New Holland fpecies. See his Prodr. v. 1.187. This genus 

 is clofely related to the Chloris of Svvartz. See Panicum, 

 at the end of feft. i. of that article. 



CYNTHEANA, in Geography, a town of Kentucky, in 

 Harrifon county, containing 369 inhabitants, of whom 116 

 are flaves. 



CYRTOSTYLIS, in Botany, from xu^lo?, curved, or 

 convex, and ^^^l?, the flyle, or column. — Brown Prodr. Nov. 

 Holl. v. I. 322. — Clafs and order, Gynandria Monandria. 

 Nat. Ord. Orchidex. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx ringent, pointlefs. Petals fpreading, 

 nearly equal to the lower calyx-leaves. Lip diffimilar, direft, 

 flat, obtufe, undivided, with two callofities at the bafe. 

 Anther a terminal permanent lid ; the cells clofe together. 

 MafTes of pollen two in each cell, powdery, compreffed. 



I. C. reniformis. — Gathered by Mr. Brown, at Port Jack- 

 fon, New South Wales. Habit like Acianthus, (fee 

 that article,) to which this plant is perhaps too near akin. 

 Z,fa/"kidney-fhaped, many-ribbed. Flowers generally turned, 

 or, in one fenfe, reverfed. Malaxis lilifolia (fee that 

 article, n. 11.) is thought by Mr. Brown to approach this 

 plant in ftrufture of flowers, though different in habit. 

 We have already obferved how imperfeftly that fpecies, with 

 our CordifoUa and Loefelii, anfwer to Malaxis. 



CYSTANTHE, 



