E L E 



Afia— a grateful and falubrious accefHiry of diet— ^.vhofe 

 jreneral adoption by the civilized nations of the other 

 quarters of the world is prevented only by its limited im- 

 portation." This is certainly quite a new idea to us 

 Europeans, who value this drug merely as a grateful and 

 wholefome ftomachic, on which account it becomes an 

 article of commerce, having fupplanted all its relatives in 

 the apothecary's (hop. Its general ufe in Afia, indeed, 

 renders the plant a very important and profitable objeft of 

 culture, though the harvell, occurring at the moll un- 

 healthy feafon, is not unattended by ferious dangers. 

 Fevers, fluxes, the bite of innumerable minute leeches, and 

 the inftantly fatal fting of the whip-fnake, are mentioned as 

 not uncommon mifchiefs, to which is added the cauftic 

 quality of a fhrubby plant, whofe botanical charaflers have 

 not been afcertained, but whofe leaves produce dangerous, 

 and fometimes fatal, ulcerations of the (]<in. The profit of 

 the Cardamom farms, however, is fo confiderable, as to 

 overcome all difficulties in their cultivation, and Mr. White 

 thinks they might eafily be greatly extended. 



2. E. major. Greater Oljlong Cardamom. (Cardamo- 

 miim majus; Dale Pharmac. 276. Bont. Hift. Nat. 127, 

 the fruit only? C. majus officinarum ; Bauh. Pin. 413. 

 C. majus vulgare ; Ger. Em. 154-2. Cluf. Exot. 187. 

 Lob. ic. v. 2. 204. C. medium; Matth. Valgr. v. i. 25. 

 Camer. Epit. 11. f. 2. Barrel. Ic. obf. 1395. t. 971, the 

 longeft fruit. C. cum filiquis five thecis longis ; Bauh. 

 Hift. v. 2. 205. Enfal; Herm. Muf. Zeyl. 66. Zin- 

 giber Enfal ; Ga^rtn. t. 1 2. f.5. ) — Capfule lanceolate-oblong, 

 acutely triangular, with flat fides. Calyx three-lobed. — 

 Native of Java, according to Dale, who remarks that this 

 kind of Cardamom was, even in his time, rarely ufed, fome 

 fubftituting for it Grains of Paradife, others the Amomum 

 •Denm. ( See Amomum.) Specimensof this fpecies are indeed, 

 at prefent, only to be found in the cabinets of colleftors. 

 We are perfuaded they mufl; belong to the fame genus as 

 the Malabar Cardamom. They appear to have a fimilar 

 panicled inflorefcence, and the ftrudlure of the/niit, with 

 its central receptacle, coriaceous ftriated valves, and angular 

 rough or rugged feeds, are the fame in this as in the lafl:. 

 Thek feeds, however, are of a brighter, or reddiih hue, and 

 very inferior in flavour, far lefs powerful and lefs agreeable. 

 The fhape of the capfule is eflentially difi"erent, being ufually 

 thrice as long, and much more acutely and ftrikingly trian- 

 gular, flattened at the fides, and more evidently curved. 

 It is fimilarly crowned with a long, cylindrical, permanent 

 ■calyx, decidedly three-lobed, wliereas that of the former is 

 only crenate, or jagged. This part is unfortunately often 

 rubbed off^ by thofe who collect the fruits for fale. If 

 Bontius be right, there is fo wide a difference between thefe 

 two plants in the fituation of theWJloivers, as would almoft 

 overturn their generic identity. He gives, under the title of 

 Cardamomum majus, a figure with large, terminal, fimply 

 racemofe inflorefcence, which he compares to that of a 

 Hyacinth, defcribing the plant as taller than a man, with 

 very large leaves, Jloivers white with a purple limb, and the 

 whole very beautiful. Two capfules, not unlike our plant, 

 though by no means very like it, being reprefented cyUn- 

 drical, not triangular, and defcribed as long as the finger, 

 accompany the above figure. We cannot, on mature con- 

 fideration, think the fynonym of Bontius rightly applied. 

 Neverthelefs, he fpeaks of the qualities as agreeing with 

 his C. minus, fuppofed to be our Amomum Cardamomum, or 

 Amomum venim of old writers, not the preceding Elettaria 

 Cardamomum. Clufius, Gerarde, &c. rather copy the fruit 

 from Bontius than from nature, and feem to take the cahx 

 for ikijlalk. ^ 



E M D 



ELEVATION, Angle of, for A R B r. R A B 



{ Plate I . Mechanics, fg. 3 . ) 



ELGIN, 1. ult. By the return of 181 1, the number of 

 houfes in the burgh and parifli was 962, and of inhabitants 

 4602. 



ELHAM, 1. 3 from bottom, infert after London — and 

 the pari(h contains 174 houfes, and 992 inhabitants. 



ELIZABETH, a townfliip of Miami county, in Ohio, 

 having 730 inhabitants. 



Elizabeth, Cape, 1. 7, r. 1415 ; 1. 14, ;-. 1874; and 

 1. 15,;-. 1734. 



ELizABETH-ToTyn, col. 2, 1. I, after New York, infert 

 — and contained, in 1810, 2977 inhabitants, of whom 222 

 were flaves ; 1. 6, ;-. 2368. Add — Alfo, a town of Ken- 

 tucky, in Harden county, containing 181 inhabitants, of 

 whom 47 are flaves. 



ELK Lick, a townfliip of Somerfet county, in Pennfyl- 

 vania, having i 1 18 inhabitants. 



ELKI^AND, a townfliip of Lycoming county, in Penn- 

 fylvania, having 91 inhabitants. 



ELK RUN, a townfliip of Columbiana county, in Ohio, 

 containing 787 inhabitants. 



ELLESMERE, col. 2, 1. 7 and 8, /•. 1064 and 5630. 



ELLINGTON, 1. 2, r. 1344 inhabitants. 



ELLIOT, a town of York county, in the diftrift of 

 Maine, containing 1650 inhabitants. 



ELLSWORTH. Add— and containing 614 inhabi- 

 tants. — Alfo, a town of Grafton county, in New Hamplhire, 

 having 142 inhabitants. — Alfo, a townfliip of Trumbull 

 county, in Ohio, having 202 inhabitants. 



ELMHAM, North. Add— By the return of 181 1, 

 the parifli contains 127 houfes, and 896 perfons. 



ELMINA, 1. 8 from bottom, for kaff"o r. braffo. 



ELMORE, 1. 2, )-, 157. 



Vol. XIII. 



ELOCUTION. Add to the references— AcTloy, 

 Articulation, Passion, Pronunciation. 



ELSENBOROUGH, a town in Salem county, in New 

 Jerfey, having 517 inhabitants. 



ELTHAM, 1. 3, r. 285 houfes, and 1813 inhabitants. 



ELWUND, Mount, a range of mountains in Irak, in 

 Perfia, moft probably the mount Orontes of Diodorus, 

 about twelve miles in length. Near its fummit, which is 

 tipped with continual fnow, and feldom obfcured by clouds, 

 is a beautiful valley, perfumed by a thoufand fwcet-fcented 

 flowers. This mountain is famous in the Eaft for its mines, 

 waters, and vegetable produftions. The natives of Hama- 

 dan, which is fituated at the foot of this mountain, believe 

 that fome of its graffes have the power of tranfmuting the 

 bafeft metals into gold, as well as of curing any diilemper 

 to which the human frame is expofed ; and the Indians 

 fuppofe that it contains the philofopher's fl;one. 



ELY, col. 2, 1.4, after includes, infert — 5977 houfes, 

 occupied by 32,443 inhabitants, &c. Col. 4, 1. 43, r. 

 4249 ; 1. 44, r. 928. 



Ely, or Elie. In 181 1 this parifli contained 157 houfes, 

 and 886 perfons ; i><z. 365 males, and 521 females. 



EMBANKMENT, col. 25, 1. 4 from bottom, infert — 

 In 1809 about 6000 acres of land were obtained by an 

 embankment of the fea upon Cartmel fands, in Lancalhire. 

 The embankment at Tre-Madoc, in Carnarvonfliire, was 

 completed in 1 8 1 1 . 



EMDEN, in Geography, a townfliip in the diftriiEl of 

 Maine, and county of Somerfet, having 351 inhabitants. 



EMERY, 



