E N F 



EMERY, 1. II, after Tennant, infert— (Phil. Tranf. 

 for 1802, p. 401.) 



EMETIN, in Chemijlry, a name given by MM.Majendie 

 and Pelletier to a fubilance extrafted by them from ipeca- 

 cuanha, and fo called becaufe it conilitutes the principle to 

 Avhich that root owes its emetic qualities. Emetin may be 

 obtained by digefting ipecacuanha in fulphuric ether, and 

 afterwards in alcohol. The alcoholic folution is then to be 

 evaporated to drynefs, rediflolved in water, and acetate of 

 lead dropped into the folution. The copious precipitate 

 thus obtained being well waflied and diffufed through water 

 is then to be expofed to the aftion of fulphurctted hydrogen. 

 The lead is thus precipitated while the emetin remains dif- 

 folved in water ; and the liquid being filtered and evaporated 

 to drynefs, the emetin will be obtained in a ftate of purity. 



Emetin thus obtained exifts in the form of brownifh tranf- 

 parent fcales. Its tafte is bitter and a little acrid, but not 

 difagreeable. It has no fmell. At the temperature of 

 boiling water it is not changed. When expofed to a higher 

 heat it does not melt, but fwells, becomes black, and is con- 

 verted into water, carbonic acid gas, a little oil, and acetic acid, 

 but yields no trace of ammonia, which indicates that it does 

 not contain azote. A very fpongy and light coal remains. 

 When expofed to the air, emetin undergoes no change, except 

 the air be very damp, when it deliquefces. It diffolves 

 readily in water and alcohol, but not in fulphuric ether. 

 It does not cryftallize. 



Sulphuric and nitric acids, when concentrated, decompofe 

 it. Muriatic and phofphoric acids difiolve it without alter- 

 ation, and it may be feparated from them by faturation with 

 an alkali. Acetic acid is one of the beft folvents of it. 

 Gallic acid and infufion of galls precipitate it immediately, 

 as do folutions of moil of the metallic falts. 



Half a grain of this fubftance occafions violent vomiting, 

 followed by fleep, and the animal awakes in a ftate of health. 

 A larger quantity, as twelve grains, or even fix grains, pro- 

 duces violent vomiting and fleep, followed by death, which 

 appears to take place in confequence of the fevere inflam- 

 mation of the lungs and inteftinal canal, produced by large 

 dofes of this folution. 



ENAMEL of the Teeth, Chemical Properties of. See 

 Teeth. 



ENCHYLiENA, in Botany, from zt/Xo; and Xouva;, allud- 

 ing, we prefume, to its fucculent liabit, and ftony place of 

 growth. — Brown Prodr. Nov. Holl. v. 1. 407. — Clafs and 

 order, Pentandria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Holeracea, Linn. 

 Chenopodes, Br. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx five-cleft ; pulpy and clofed in the fruit. 

 Stamens inferted into its bafe. Stigmas two or three, 

 thread-fliaped. Capfule membranous, covered. Seed de- 

 preffed. 



Procumbent _/Z>r«fo, very much branched, with alternate 

 flelhy leaves, and axillary, folitary, feiTile Jloivers, without 

 braBeas. There are two New Holland fpecies. 



ENDIAN. Add— It lies in N. lat. 30° 18', 20 miles 

 from Zeitoon, occupies both banks of the Tab, and is nearly 

 two miles in circuit. It trades with Baffbra and Behaban, 

 and its population is between 4000 and ;ooo fouls. 



ENDIANDRA, in Botany, Br. Prodr. Nov. Holl. 

 V. I. 402, a triandrous genus, perhaps hardly dillintl from 

 Cinnan.omum, which Mr. Brown feparates from Laurus of 

 Linnaeus ; and alfo very near his Cryptocarya, fee that 

 article. 



ENFIELD, 1.4, after parliament, infert — in 181 1, 11 15 

 houfes, and 6636 inhabitants. The town has only 524 

 houfes, and 3055 inhabitants, and is one of the four quarters 

 into which the parifh is divided. 



Enfield, in America, 1. 7, r. 1846; 1. 10, r. 1291. 

 Vol. XXXIX. 



ERE 



ENFILADE, col. 5, 1. 34,^^.4. Col. 6, 1. 20, infert- 

 ifg-S-) 



ENGINE, col. 9, 1. 6, for levelled r. bevelled 

 ENGLAND, New. Add_See America and Unitee* 



OTATES. 



ENGURI, a river of Mingrelia, whicli rifes in the 

 mountains of the Abgazians, and flows clofe to the fortrefs 

 of Rugh, between lllani and Anaklie, into the Euxine. 

 Near its fource it divides into two branches; and as they 

 never again unite, the right branch retains the name of En- 

 guri ; but the left is called Schariftkali, under which denomi- 

 nation It croffes the whole of Mingrelia from N. to S. and 

 falls into the Phaiis, feven verfts above the city of Potti 



ENOSBURGH, a town of Franklin county, in Ver- 

 mont, containing 704 inhabitants. 



ENUNCIATIVE Organs, dele the reference. 



EPHRATA, or DuNKARD-Toifn, infert — (which fee). 



EPIBLEMA,in Botany, Brown Prodr. Nov. Holl. v. i. 



315 Clafs and order, Gynandria Monandria. Nat. Ord. 



Orchided. 



Efl". Ch. Calyx and petals equal, fpreading. Lip 

 ftalked, undivided, with two fafciculated thread-fliaped pro- 

 cefles at the bafe ; and an appendage attached to the bottom 

 of the column, below the claw of the lip. Anther parallel 

 to thejligma, with a petal-like lobe at each fide. 



I. t. grandiflorum. — Gathered by Mr. Brown, on the 

 fouth coall of New Holland. Flo-ji'ers handfome, blue, 

 refembling thofe of a Tiielymitr;e ; fee that article. 



EPIDERMIS. Add— See Integuments. 



EPIDOTE. See Mineralogy, Addenda. 



EPIGLOTTIS. See Deglutition and Lary-nx. 



EPITHYME, for Epitheos r. Cuscuta. 



EPPING, \. penult, r. 334 and 1874. 



Epping, in America, 1. 3, r. 1182. 



EPSOM, 1. 4, r. 181 1 — 397 houfes, 2515 inhabitants. ' 



Epsom, in America, 1. 4, r. 1810, and 1 156. 



EPWORTH, 1. I, for Lindfey r. Manley, weftern ; 

 1. 4, r. 274; 1. 5, r. 1502. 



EQUAL Altitude, Injl. by the Earl of Hay, col. i, 

 1. 10 from bottom, for five pairs r. two pairs. 



EQUATION-Mechanism, col. 2, 1. 33, for received 

 r. viewed. 



Equation, Contrivances ly the Rev. William Pearfon, 

 col. 1,1. 15 from bottom, for was reprcfented r. is repre- 

 fented. Col. 10, 1. 24, for with r. within. Col. 11, 1. 22, 

 for arcs r. areas. 



EQUATORIAL, Explication and Ufe of the Tables,co\. i, 

 1. 19 from bottom, for (like Table I.) r. (hke Table V.) 



Y^QV \ronii\L-Micrometer, col. 2, 1. 12, {or fig. 3. r.fg. 4. 



EQUES, in Ichthyology, Knight-ffl}. See Ch^etodom 

 lanceolatus. This is a native of the American feas ; in length 

 about twelve inches. 



ERATOSTHENES, col. 2, 1. 9 from bottom, r. Bib. 



ERBILLE, in Geography, a town of Perfia, which is 

 probably that Arbela fo famous for the final vidlory obtain- 

 ed by Alexander over Darius, and the capital of the pro\-ince 

 of Adiabene, is now reduced to a wretched mud town, with. 

 a population not exceeding 3000 fouls. N. lat. 36^ 1 1'. 



EREMOPHILA, in Botany, from £jjn/.to.r, a deferl, allud- 

 ing to its place of growth. — Br. Prodr. Nov. HoU. v. i, 

 5 1 8. — Clafs and order, Didynamia Angiofpcrmia. Nat. Ord. 

 Myoporinit, Br. 



ElT. Ch. Caylx in five deep fegments ; changed and mem- 

 branous in the fruit. Cor Stigma undivided. Drupa 



dry, with four cells, and four feeds. 



Two rufli-like ftirubs, E. oppofuifoUa md. alternifoUa, found 

 on the inhofpitable fouth coall of New Holland. Their 

 leaves are femicvlindrical. Flowers folitary, ftalked. 



3 P ERIACHNE, 



