GAL 



GAR 



Illuftr. t. 708. Schreb. Gen. 573. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 2245. 



Ait. Hurt. Kew: v. 5. IZ9. Purlh 572. JulT. 189. (Virgilia; 



L'Herit. Monogr.) — Clafs and order, Syngene/ia Polyg.- 

 fniftninea. Nat. Ord. Compo/iia. 



EfT. Ch. Recept. hemifphcrical, chaffy. Seed-down of 



many cliaffy fcales. Calyx imbricated, many-leaved, flat. 



Radiant florets deeply three-cleft. 



I. G. hicolor. Two-coloured Galardia. Willd. n. i. Ait. 



n. I. Purlh n. i. (Virgilia helioides ; L'Herit. t. 1, 2. 



Sm. Exot. Jjot. V. I. 71. t. 37.) — Stem branched. Leaves 



lanceolate. Scales of the feed-down awned, entire Found 



in dry fandy foil, from Canada to Florida. Annual. 

 .Floivers handfome, orange, variegated with red and purple. 

 AVe have already announced this genus under the Virgilia 

 now eftabliflied. There are two more fpecies, G.Jimbriata 

 and iiriftiiln, from N. America. 



GALEOPITHECUS, Colugo, in Zoology, a genus 

 of the order Primates, the characters of which are, that it 

 has no front teeth in the upper jaw ; that thofe in the lower 

 are fix, fliort, broad, dillant, and peftinated ; that the 

 canine teeth are very (hort, triangular, broad, fharp, and 

 ferrated ; that the grinders are four, truncated and muricated 

 with conical protuberances ; and that it has a flying-fliin 

 fnrrounding the body, limbs, and tail. For the defcription 

 of this genus with appropriate figures, naturalifts are 

 indebted to Dr. Pallas ; and it may be found in the Tranf- 

 aftions of the Academy of Peterfburgh for the year 1780. 

 The galeopithecus volans, or flying colugo, is the lemur volans 

 of the Linnajan fyflem, and the flying macuaco of Pennant's 

 quadrupeds. It is a native of the Molucca and Philippine 

 iflands, where it feeds principally on fruits, and almofi: 

 confl;antly refides on trees. It has two young ones, wliich are 

 faid to adhere to its breafts by the mouth and claws. Its 

 whole length is about three feet, and of the fame breadth 

 when expanded ; the tail is flender, and about a fpan long. Its 

 expanfile flcin, which enables it to fly, is continued on each 

 fide from the neck to the fore-feet ; thence to the hind-feet, 

 and again to the tip of the tail. It is covered with fur, like 

 the body of the animal ; the upper fide of which is generally 

 of a deep afli colour : the back, in animals that are full 

 grown, is crofled tranfverfely with blackifli lines, having 

 towards the edges a tinge of yellow ; and the whole under- 

 lide, both of the body and membrane, is of a yellowifli colour. 

 The head is long, the mouth fmall, and the tongue flefliy, 

 broad, rounded, attenuated on the edges, and ciliated with 

 papilla:, and alfo flightly befet with papillae on its furface. 

 The legs are clothed with a foft yellow down, and on 

 each foot are five toes, united by a common membrane, and 

 termniating in very fiiarp crooked claws. The animal is 

 called by the Indians caguang, colugo, and gigua. It is a 

 gregarious animal, flies chiefly in the evening, and its body 

 IS faid to be about the fize of a cat. M. Geoff'roy fays 

 there are two varieties ; -viz. one of the colour ufually 

 defcribed ; the other of a fine cinereous or ferruginous colour, 

 vivid on .the back and paler beneath, and without any 

 variegations. It is fuggefled, that thefe may be merely 

 fexual diff'erences. Dr. Sliaw has availed himfelf of Pallas's 

 delcription and figure in the firft vol. of his Zoology, to 

 which we refer. 



GALINSOGEA, in Botany, after the fuperintendant 

 of the Madrid garden. " Ruiz and Pav. Prodr. no." 

 Alt. Hort. Kew. V. 5. 122.— Clafs and order, Syngenefia 

 Polyg.-fuperfua. Nat. Ord. Compojite. 



EIT. Ch. Recept. chaffy. Seed-down of many chaffs 

 fcales. Calyx imbricated. 



I. G. parvlflora, Cavan. Ic. t. 281. 



2. G. irilobatu, ib. t. 282. — Both natives of South 

 America. 



GALIUM, col. 2, 1. 34, for dried ;-. frefli. 



GALLATIN, 1. 2, /-. 3159, and 664. 



GALLIC Acid, in Ghemjlry. This acid has been 

 recently analyfed by Berzelius. He found it compofed of 



Hydrogen - - - 5.90 



Carbon - - . J6.64 



Oxygen - - - 35.36 



100.00 



According to -which analyfis, the confl;itution of gallic 

 acid is as follows : 



3 atoms hydrogen 



6 atoms carbon 



3 atoms oxygen 



- 3-75 



- 45- 



- 3°- 



and the weight of its atom will be 78.75 



Gallic acid has been found in the following plants, in the 

 different proportions ftated. 



GALLIPOLIS, a townftiip of Ohio, in the county of 

 Gallia, containing 448 inhabitants. 



GALVANISM, col. 3, 1. 25, after inch, infert — a part. 



Galvanism, Medical, See Voltaism, and particu- 

 larly Electricity, Medical. 



GALVANOMETER, an apparatus conftrufted by 

 Mr. Pepys, by an alteration in Bennet's eledlroiueter, 

 adapted for meafuring very minute quantities of eleftricity, 

 and which perhaps could not be rendered fenfible by any 

 other means. This apparatus confiils of a glafs cylinder, 

 covered with a lid, which is compofed of two circular 

 plates of brafs, attached to a cork that fits into the cylinder. 

 To the lid is fixed a thin flip of iilver, the end of which 

 hangs down in the body of the cylinder, and has a pair of 

 gold leaves attached to it ; and the whole is fo contrived 

 as to be capable of being moved nearer to, or farther from, 

 the pieces of zinc which ilart up from the bottom of the 

 cylinder. The pieces of zinc are fo contrived, that the 

 parts of them which projedl upwards from the bottom of the 

 cylinder may be fixed at different diilances from each 

 other by means of a Aide and fcrew. See a defcription and 

 figure of this infl;rument in Bollock's " Hillory of Gal- 

 vanifm," 8vo. 1819. 



GAMING, col. 3, 1. 30, r. 8 Geo. I. 



GARDENING, 1. 17, r. Loudon. 



GARDINER. Add — containing 1029 perfons. 



GARDNER, 1. 4, r. 815. 



GARGLE, a difeafe of horned cattle, which confifts of 

 an external hard fwelling in the dew-lap, which afterwards 

 fpreads to the breaft and throat. For the cure, profufe 

 bleeding is recommended ; and then an opening is to be 

 ma4e in the dew-lap at the feat of the fwelling, into which 



are 



