GEO 



EfT. Ch. Receptacle without fcales. Seeds very hairy. 

 Seed-down of chaffy hairs. Calyx of one leaf. 



G. rigens, (Gorteriarigens ; Linn. Sp. PI. 1284. Curt. 

 Mag. t. 90.); G. paiionia, (Gorteria pavonia ; Andr. 

 Repof. t. J23.) ; and G. fubulatn, Br. are the only fpecies ; 

 all natives of the Cape of Good Hope. See Gortekia. 



GEAUGA, in Geography, a county of Ohio, contain- 

 ing 8 towns, and 2917 inhabitants. 



GEDDINGTON, 1. u!t. This pariih confdls of 141 

 houfes — r. 651. 



GELATINE, in Chemljlry. This animal principle has 

 been lately analyfed by Gay Luflac and Thenard, accord- 

 ing to whom it confifts of 



Hydrogen 

 Carbon 

 Oxygen 

 Azote 



Gelatine does not exift in the blood, nor in any known ani- 

 mal fluid ready formed, but appears to be produced by the 

 aftion of boiling. See Blood. 



GELONIUM, in Botany, Roxb. in Willd. Sp. PI. v. 4. 

 831. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 5. 406. — Clafs and order, D'we- 

 c'la Icojandrla. Nat. Ord 



Eff. Ch. Male, Calyx of five leaves. Cor. none. Stam. 

 twelve or more. Female, Cal. and Cor. like the male. 

 Styles none. Stigmas three, jagged. Capfule of three 

 cells, three valves, witli three feeds. 



1. G. b'lfarinm. Willd. n. I. Ait. n. I. — Leaves ellip- 

 tical, rather acute. 



2. G. lanceolatum. Willd. n. 2. — Leaves oblong-lanceo- 

 late, obtufe. — Eaft Lidian trees, with alternate leaves, the 

 tubular_/?//iM/« of a Ficus, and axillary ^/yc/iycrj-. 



Vol. XVL 



GENESEE, 1.5, r. 1810, and 12,588 perfons. 



GENEVA, New, a townfhip of Fayette county, in 

 Pennfylvania, having 232 inhabitants. 



GENEVIEVE, 1. 7, add— and diftrid. In 1 8 10, 

 it contained 4620 inhabitants, of whom 988 were Haves. 

 This town is famous for its lead-mines, which occupy an 

 extent of country, commencing about 30 miles W. of the 

 MiffifTippi, and extending W. and N.W. It was the dif- 

 covery of thefe lead-mines that gave rife to the famous Mif- 

 fillippi fcheme, projetled by Law in 17 19, which ruined 

 hundreds of families in France, a? they were then fuppofed 

 to be a filver-mine : and though the bubble burft immedi- 

 ately, yet Du Pratz, who wrote thirty-nine years after- 

 wards, perfifted in the error, and fpeaks of a filver-mine on 

 the Marameg in his account of Louifiana. The Marameg 

 is now called the Marrawal, on a branch of which, called 

 the Negro- Fork, the mines of St. Genevieve are fituated. 

 Thefe mines have been worked fince about the year 1725, 

 and they belong to a number of proprietors moftly held by 

 grants from tlie Spanifh governors, formerly refiding about 

 St. Louis. Bradbury's Travels, &c. 



GEODORUM, in Botany, from yia, the earth, and lt^-,o)i, 

 a gift, becaufe, contrary to the nature of moft of its neareft 

 allies, this genus grows on the ground, not on trees. — 

 Jackfon in Andr. Repof. 626. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. 

 V. 5. 207. — Clafs and order, Gynandria Monamhla. Nat. 

 Ord. Orchideis. 



Vol. XXXIX. 



GEO 



Eit. Ch. Lip hooded, feflile, not articulated with the 

 cohimn. Calyx and petals uniform, fpreading, rather 

 alcendnig. Anther a terminal deciduous lid. Maffes of 

 pollen two, each with a pollerior lobe. 



G.purpureum, (Limodorum nutans ; Roxb. Corom v r 

 t. 40. Malaxis nutans ; Willd. Sp. PI. v. 4. 93.) ; G. cUri 

 num; Andr. t. 626; and G.dilatatum, (L.recurvum; Roxb. 

 t. 39. ) ; all Eaft Indian plants, are the only defcribed fpe- 

 cies. Their leaves are elliptical, manv-ribbed ; dujlers or 

 fpikes on radical ftalks, pendulous, handfome. 



GEOLOGY. ( See Geology. ) At the period when that 

 article was written, geology as a fcience had fcarcelr excited 

 any confiderable degree of intereft in this country ; and thofe 

 who were defirous of acquiring a knowledge of the ftrufture 

 of the earth direfted their attention more to the expofition 

 of It which Werner had given, than to the actual ftate of the 

 earth itfelf. Indeed fuch was the fuppofed infallibility of the 

 German profeffor, and the attachment to theory, that for feve- 

 ral years the refcarches of geologifts were undertaken chiefly 

 to make fafts coincide with preconceived fyftems ; but in 

 proportion as our knowledge of fafts extended, the difiiculty 

 of reconciling them with received theories became more and 

 more apparent, and fome of the warmeft advocates of thefe 

 theories began to perceive the neceffity of defcribing pheno- 

 mena as they really exift, without any further attempt to 

 bnid nature in the fetters of an artificial fyftem. 



The fyftem of Werner (fee Systems of Geology) pre- 

 fumes, that all the principal beds of rock, or rock forma- 

 tions, are univerfal, or, in other words, that each of thefe 

 rocks encircles the whole earth, like the rind of an onion, 

 and that they are placed over each other in a regular fuc- 

 ceflion, which is the fame in every part of the globe. This 

 regular fucceflion is a neceffary confequence of another 

 pofition in the Wernerian fyftem, that the materials of all 

 the different beds of rock were held in folution by water, 

 which covered the globe univerfally, and at fucceffive periods 

 depofited its contents as the waters retired ; hence the retir- 

 ing of the waters is an important part of the fyftem, and is 

 often referred to in fome of the articles relating to geology, 

 in the early volumes of the Cyclop:edia. Had the ftrata 

 been depofited from water covering the whole globe, their 

 order of fucceflion in each country would doubtlefs be the 

 fame ; but this is not confirmed by expei-ience. The ftrata 

 are not univerfal formations, but are of limited extent, and 

 vary much in difterent parts of the world, and even in dif- 

 ferent diftritts of the fame country. See Rocks and Strata. 

 Some of the univerfal formations of Werner occur only 

 in one place, as the topaz rock. The abfurdity of defcrib- 

 ing this rock among fuch univerfal formations is fo manifeftly 

 abfurd, that it is aftoniftiing fuch an arrangement could ever 

 have been admitted. To explain the difference in the order 

 of fucceflion obferved in different countries, the German 

 geologift had recourfe to what were cd^cA fubordlnate forma- 

 tions. Thefe are ftrata of different kinds, which, it was 

 admitted, might occur in other rocks without any regular 

 order of fucceffion. 



By this admiffion, all variations from the order of fuc- 

 ceffion of rock formations laid down by Werner were 

 fuppofed to be accounted for. The ftrata which were not 

 arranged in the Wernerian order were czWtd fubordinate form- 

 ations ; by fuch a verbal device, geologifts thought they could 

 reconcile to their theory all oppofing facts. Mr. BakeweU, 

 in his Introduftion to ' Geology, was, we believe, the firfl: 

 perfon in this country who ventured pubhcly to ftate that 

 many of the fuppofed univerfal formations of Werner were 

 local, but of greater or lefs extent, and that the fame regu- 

 lar order of fucceffion was not univerfal in different countries. 

 3 R This, 



