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Vol. XVII. 



GREY ytnl'imony Ore. See MiXERALOGY, Addaxda. 



GRIESBACH, John- Jacob, in Biography, an emi- 

 nently learned divine of Germany, was born in 1745, in 

 HefTe-Darmftadt ; and at the Gymnafium at Frankfort, and 

 the univerfity of Tubingen, acquired that acquaintance with 

 the learned languages, for which he was fo dilHnguifhed, 

 and which he applied to the moft valuable biblical purpofes. 

 He fought further means and opportunities for improve- 

 ment at Halle and Leipfic. In order to acquaint himfelf 

 with the variety of religious fefts, and for the purpofe of 

 confulting public libraries, he commenced in 1769 an exten- 

 five tour, vifiting Holland, England, and Paris. In 1770 

 he returned to Frankfort, with a view of arranging the 

 ftores which he had coUecled. In 1773 he was appointed 

 profefibr extraordinary of divinity at Halle ; and in 1774— 

 1775 appeared his firft great work, which was a critical 

 edition of the hiftorical books of the New Teftament in 

 Greek. From Halle he removed to Jena in 1775, and 

 became third profeflor of divinity. Having prexdoufly pub- 

 lifhed feveral critical differtations in reference to biblical 

 ■fubjefts, he completed, in 1777, his edition of the whole 

 Greek Teftament in 2 vols. As his reputation increafed, 

 his appointments and labours multiplied. But the great 

 objeft to which his attention was principally devoted, was 

 the completion of his edition of the New Teftament, which 

 appeared in 1803, 4, 6, and 7, in 4 vols. A larger edition, 

 begun in 1796 and finifhed in l8c6, was adapted for fale in 

 England as well as in Germany ; and was HberaDy encou- 

 raged by the munificence of the late duke of Grafton. In 



1 8 1 1 profefTor Griefbach's health began to dechne, and in 



1812 he was under a neceffity of givnig up the province of 

 lefturing ; and a diforder in the cheft terminated his hfe on 

 the 24th of March 1812, in the 68th year of his age. His 

 corporeal form was athletic, his afpeft grave and fomewhat 

 auftere ; but he pofleffed a kind heart, excellent moral 

 principles, an independent fpirit, and univerfal philantln-opy. 

 Gen. Biog. 



GRIMSBY, 1. 19 from bottom, after Grimftjy infert — 

 (both borough and parifli) ; 1. 18, r. 619 and 2747. 



GROGGINESS, in Farriery, a ftiff"nefs in the foot of a 

 horfe occafioned by battering the hoof on hard ground, 

 which is often fucceeded by fwclling of the leg and con- 

 traction of the finews. A horfe that bears altogether upon 

 his heels in trotting is denominated " groggy ;" and the 

 defeft is generally incurable. 



GROTON, 1.3, r. 549; 1.6, r. 449; 1.8, r. 1886; 

 1. II, r. 4451. 



GROTTO, col. 2, 1. 36. Add— The grotto in Savoy 

 is a prodigious work, faid to have been begun by Cfefar, 

 but principally executed by Charles II. duke of Savoy in 

 1760. It is a paflage cut through the mountain near the 

 delio-htful valley of Echelles to the length of 5000 yards, 

 and in perpendicular height above 100 feet ; it is wide 

 enough for two carriages to pafs. About half way is a com- 

 plete tunnel, running in another direction, 1000 feet long, 

 and 36 feet high, cut by order of Buonaparte for the 

 conveyance of cattle. Six years, both night and day, were 

 devoted to the completion of it. 



GRYLLUS. Under genus Gryllus, fpecies Crys- 

 TATCS, add — See Locust and Acridophagi. 



GUADALAJARA, col. 2, 1. 3, after annually, add 

 — The population is eftimated at 75,000, but according to 

 Humboldt 19,500 in 1803, and that of the adminiftration 

 5,630,500. N. lat. 20° 50'. W. long. 105°. 



GUAIACUM, Chemical Proierties of. Guaiacum was 

 Vol. XXXIX. 



G U R 



formerly confidered as a refin, though in its properties it 

 differs confiderably from refins. Guaiacum always affumes 

 a green colour when expofed to the light in the open air. 

 W'hen heated, it melts and diffufes at the fame time rather 

 a fragrant odour. Its fp. gr. is 1.2289. ^^ is ver)- fparingly 

 foluble in water, but imparts to that fluid a greenifh-brown 

 colour, and a fweetifh tafte. Alcohol dilfolves it with 

 facility, and forms a deep brown coloured folution. Sul- 

 phiu-ic ether alfo diflblves it, but not in fuch large propor- 

 tions as alcohol. It is readily foluble in alkaline folutions. 

 Moft of the acids alfo aft upon it with confiderable energy ; 

 thus fulphuric acid diffolves it, and forms a deep red folution. 

 Nitric acid diflblves it completely with effervefcence, and 

 when the folution is evaporated, it yields a very large pro- 

 portion of oxahc acid, but no artificial tannin, ^furiat!c 

 acid afts but flightly on guaiacum. When guaiacum is 

 fubmitted to deftruftive diftillation, it yields a httle acidiJous 

 water, a confiderable proportion of brown empyreumatic 

 oil, fome gafeous products, and a quantity of charcoal is 

 left on the retort nearly equal to one-third of the original 

 weight of the guaiacum. 



GUANAJUATO, 1. 2, r. Quaradaro, and between 

 21° 30' and 22- 30' N. lat., and 100^ and 105- W. long., 

 extending from N. to S. 75 miles, from E. to W. 85 miles. 

 Humboldt eftimates the population of the adminiftration at 

 517,300, and of the capital, in N. lat. 21 . W. long. 105°, 

 at 41,000. 



GUANA RA, at the end, r. Depons' &c. 



GUAXACA, 1. 5, after diftance, add — between 16' and 

 18^ N. lat., 98' and 112" W. long. ; from E. to W. 230 

 miles, from N. to S. 175 miles : — 1. 32, after perfons — that 

 of the province 534,800. At the clofe — W. long. 96° 25'. 



GUERNSEY, a county of Ohio,ieiOntaining 9 town- 

 (liips, and 3050 inhabitants. 



GUGAH, a town of Scind, in the Perfian empire, built 

 at the foot of a hill, at the bottom of wliich runs a fmall 

 creek in N. lat. 24' 45'. E. long. 68' 7', and containing 

 600 inhabitants. 



GUILDER, or Gilder. See Florix. 



GUILDFORD, laft hues, ;-. 495 and 2974. 



GUILDHALL, 1. 3, r. 544. 



GUILFORD, 1. 2, ;■. 1961 ; 1. 4, r. 1872. 



GUM, Chemical Properties of. The beft teft for gum 

 in folution, according to the experiments of Dr. Thomfon, 

 is filicated potafli. When added to a very dilute folution of 

 gum, it produces a white flaky precipitate. Gum arabic is 

 compofed, according to 



The varieties of gum are very numerous, and probably 

 differ confiderably in their chemical properties, though few 

 of them have been examined. (See Cerasix.) It has 

 been remarked by Mr. Barrow, and probably alfo by others, 

 that all trees which yield gum have an aftringent bark. 



GUNPOWDER, col. 2, 1. 31 from the bottom, after 

 1326, add— or, as others fay, 1354, (Watfon's Chem. EfT. 

 vol. i.) 



GUN-SHOT Wounds. At the end, add— See Wounds. 



GURIEL, r. a fmall countr)^ of Afia. 



GURMSYL, or Gi Rmesseer, meaning a warm climate, 



a diftricl of Mekran, which is a narrow traft, about five 



3 S days' 



