HAY 



H ASLINGDEN, 1. 7, and 4, r. 962—5 1 27- 

 HASSELQUIST, 1.5,r. 1722. Col. 2, 1. 26, r. 174/ ; 



1. ?2, r. 1749. 



HASTINGS, 1. 4, r. 5268—34,826. 



HATFIELD, 1. 3, r. 409-2066. 



Hatfield, l.w//.r. 181 1-2677— 501. 



H-^TFIELD, 1. u/t. r. 8oy inhabitants. Add— Alfo, a town- 

 fliip of Montgomery county, in Pennfylvania, containnig 

 6c2 inhabitants. 



HATHERLEIGH, \.u/t. r. 181 1— 1380, and 223. 



HAVANT, 1. 6, r. 181 1 ; 1. 7- >■■ 3S7' and 1824. 



HAVEN, East, 1. 3. '■• 1209 ; 1- 5. add— containing 30 



inhabitants. , „ , , • xr 



Haven, Fair, a town of Rutland county, in Vermont, 



having 645 inhabitants. 



Havex, A^^'w, col. 2, I. 2, for 14 r. 18 ; 1. 3, r 1810 

 .37,064 inhabitants, of whom 50 are flaves ; 1. 17, after in. 

 Id— 1810, 5772 pcrfons; 1. 26, add— For fome further 



5772 pi 

 fee New Havem and United States. 



add- 



particulars, ,. 



Haven, Nuiv, a townfhip of New Haven, which, the city 

 excepted, contains 119J inhabitants. 



HAVERFORD, 1. 2, r. 754. 



Haverfordwest, 1. 19, r. and alfo feven fairs in the 

 year for, &c. ; Me on the 7th of July ; 1. 41 and 42, r. 

 1811 — 3093, and 630. 



HAVERHILL, 1. 5, r. 1811 — 242— 1216. Do. in 

 America, col. 2, 1. 13, r. 2682. 



HAUYNE. See Mineralogy, Jddenda. 



HAWARDEN, 1. 7,;-. 1811—832—4436. 



HAWICK, col. 2, at the clofe, add— By the return of 

 181 1, Hawick contained 1163 houfes, and 7645 perlons. 



HAWKE, 1. 3, /-. 412. 



HAWKINS, 1. I, r. Eail TennelTe ; 1. 4, r. 7643 ; 1. 5, 



I". 930. 



HAWKSHEAD, 1. iS from the bottom, 1: 181 1 — 



149 — 676. 



HAWLEY, 1. 2, r. 1 03 1. 



HAY, 1. 4, ;-. The parliamentary return of 181 1 ftates 

 the number of inhabitants to be 1099, and that of houfes 

 231. It has one market on Thurfday, and five fairs. A 

 woollen manufafture has lately been ellabliflied here. 



HAYLING, 1. 7, r. 181 1 — 1 10—620. 



HAYNES, a townlhip of CentK' county, in Pennfylvania, 

 having 1791 inhabitants. 



HAYTI, a name given by the natives to the ifland of 

 St. Domingo (which fee). The dimenfions ai-e differently 

 ftated by different writers. Some fay, that it extends 140 

 or 1 50 miles in breadth from N. to S., and about 400 miles 

 in length from E. to W. Mr. R. Edwards alFigns 390 for 

 the length : Rainsford fays, that it is more than 450. The 

 abbe Raynal reprefents it as 200 leagues in length, and 60, 

 in fome places 80, in breadth. When the French had this 

 ifland, a proclamation, announcing its independence, was pub- 

 lilhed, figned by Deflalines, Chrillophe, and Cherveaux, 

 dated Nov. 29, 1803. The liberated blacks now determined 

 on difcarding the appellation which the ifland had received 

 from Europeans, and reviving the name of Hayti, by which 

 it was defignated by the aboriginal inhabitants wlien firft 

 vifited by Columbus. On the ill day of the year 1804, the 

 general and chiefs of the army, in the name of the people 

 of Hayti, figned a formal declaration of independence, and 

 took a folemn oath to renounce France for ever, pledging 

 thcmfelves to each other, to their poilerity, and to the uni- 

 verfe, to die rather than iubmit again to her dominion. At 

 the fame time, they appointed Deffalines governor for life, 

 with power to enatl laws, to make peace and war, and to 

 nominate his fucceffor. One of tlie hrll acts of his govern- 

 ment was to arrange the return of negroes and mulattoes 



HAY 



from the United States of America. He alfo treated with 

 the Britifli agent for Jamaica, offering to open his ports to 

 (lave fliips, and to allow the people of Jamaica the exclu- 

 five privilege of felling negroes in Hayti ; intending 

 thefe not for llavery, but for mihtaj-y fervice. Some of the 

 French inliabitants had remained upon the general evacua- 

 tion of the ifland, confiding in the fiivour and mercy of 

 Deffalines. But their confidence was mifplaced ; for in a 

 few weeks he meditated their deftruftion, and iffued man- 

 dates, no lefs perfidious than cruel, for a general maffacre. 

 He then proceeded to the fubjugation of the few Spaniards 

 who inhabited the eaftern part of the ifland, and witli laying 

 fiege to the city of Domingo, which was poffeffed by a 

 fmall detachment of French troops. In this fiege he was 

 unfuccefsful ; and after his return from it, he affumed the 

 title of emperor. The empire was divided into fix military 

 divifions, with a general over each, independent of one ano- 

 ther. The generals of divifion and brigade compofed the 

 council of ftate, and they had a minifler of finance, another 

 of war, and a fecretary of ftate. All perfons decided their 

 differences by arbitration, military crimes were fubjefted to 

 fpecial jurifdiftion : no predominant religion was admitted, 

 nor was the ftate to provide for the maintenance of any reli- 

 gious inftitution. Marriage was declared to be an aft purely 

 civil, and divorce in fome cafes was allowed. In a cenfus, 

 taken in 1805, of the inhabitants of the part of the ifland 

 under the power of Deffalines, the returns were about 

 380,000, to which fome incidental omiflions 20,000 were 

 added, making the whole number 400,000. The regular 

 army confiited of 15,000 men, of wliom 1500 were cavalry. 

 Confiderable attention was paid to the fubjeft of education. 

 The young Haytians were generally taught to read and write. 

 Deffalines, whilil he poffeffed feveral good qualities, was fero- 

 cious and cruel ; and at length his atrocious afts of tyranny 

 caufed an iiifurreftion of the army, which was followed by 

 his premature death by violence, on the 17th of Oftober, 



1806. Chriftophe, who, lince the expiilfion of the French, 

 had been feconcl in command, immediately affumed the 

 fupreme power. He had been a flave in St. Domingo at 

 the revolution in 1791, and an early friend and faithful 

 adherent of Touflaint, whom he refembled in charafter. 

 Difcarding the pompous title of emperor, he modeftly defig- 

 nated himfelf " chief of the government of Hayti." He 

 made feveral enaftments, and iffued proclamations favourable 

 to commerce. Petion, however, foon appeared as a candi- 

 date for the fovereign power ; the ftruggle between him and 

 Chriftophe was fierce, and in a battle fought January lit, 



1807, between the two armies, Petion was defeated, and 

 faved himfelf by flight. In a council convened at Cape 

 Fran9ois, a new conflitution was publiflied Feb. 17, 1807, 

 in which flavery was for ever aboliflied in Hayti ; and the 

 government was vefted in a chief magiflrate for life, who 

 appointed his fucceffor. The council of ftate confiited of 

 nine members, two-thirds of whom were generals ; fo that the 

 government approached nearly to an oligarchy. The ftrug- 

 gle for iovereignty ftill continued, and was carried on for 

 feveral years ; many battles being fought, in fome of which 

 Chriftophe, and in others Petion was viftorious. In the 

 fpring of the year iSlI, Chriftophe changed the title of 

 prefident for that of king, and the royal dignity was efla- 

 blifhed by a conftitutional att in his perfon and family. In 

 July 1816, after Louis XVIII. was reftored to the throne, 

 commiflioners were fent to St. Domingo, entrufted with the 

 adminiltration of all the affairs of the ifland, both civil and 

 military. Thefe commiflSoners addreffed letters to Chrif- 

 tophe, which gave offence. Although the two governments 

 which rule the northern and fouthern diltrifts have not efta- 

 blilhed any relations of mutual amity, they have remained 



in 



