HER 



which, though furrounded with lofty mountains, is highly- 

 cultivated, and covered v\nth villages and gardens. The He- 

 rat, or Herirood, afterwards runs, &c. ; 1. 5, for It r. Herat 

 embraces an area of four fquare miles, and, &c. ; I. 6, add — 

 This caftle is of a fquare form, elevated on a mound, flanked 

 with towers at the angles, and built of burnt brick. The 

 city has a gate in each face, and two in that which fronts 

 the north, and from each gate a fpacious and well-fupplicd 

 bazaar leads up towards the centre of the town. It is well 

 fupplied with water, every houfe almort having a fountain 

 independent of thofe that are public on either fide of the 

 bazaars : — 1. 23, add — The refidence of the prince is a mean 

 building, having a gallows in the centre of the fquare, whicii 

 is fituated in its front; and the chief mofque, once a noble 

 edifice, enclofing an area of 800 fquare yards, is falling into 

 decay. Herat is computed to contain 100,000 inhabitants, 

 10,000 being Patans, and the reft Afghans, a few Jews, and 

 600 Hindoos, the laft-mentioned of whom are highly re- 

 fpecled, and they only poflTefs capital or credit ; hence they 

 derive a very confiderable influence. The trade of this 

 city, as we have already faid, is extenfive, and accordingly 

 it is the emporium of the commerce carried on between 

 Cabul, Calhmere, Bucharia, Hindooftan, and Perfia. From 

 the former, they receive fhawls, indigo, fugar, chintz, muflin, 

 leather, and Tartary flcins, which they export to Mefhcd, 

 Yezd, Kerman, Ifpahan, and Tehraun, receiving in return 

 chiefly dollars, tea, china-ware, broad-cloth, coffee, pepper, 

 and fugar-candy ; dates and fliawls from Kerman and car- 

 pets from Ghaen. The ftaple conynodities of Herat are, 

 filk, coffee, and affafcetida, which are exported to Hindoo- 

 ftan. The gardens are full of mulberry-trees, cultivated 

 merely for the fake of the filk-vvorm, and the adjoining 

 plains produce affafcEtida. The winters here are very^ fe- 

 vere, and the cold often injures the crops ; but the fer- 

 tility of the plain is fuch that it affords an immenfe pro- 

 duce both of wheat and barley, and almoft of every 

 kind of fruit known in Perfia. The cattle are fmall, but 

 not plentiful, and the broad-tail flieep are abundant. 

 The revenue of this city is eftimated at 4^ lacs of rupees. 

 The prince in poffeffion pays a tribute to his Perfian ma- 

 jefty of 50,000 rupees a year. N. lat. 34° 12'. E. long. 

 6f 14'. 



HEREFORD. At the clofe, add— By the return of 

 181 1, Hereford contains i583houfes, and 7306 inhabitants. 

 Hereford, a townlhip of Berks county, in Pennfylvania, 

 having 1 140 inhabitants. 



HEREFORDSHIRE, col. 2, 1. 7 from bottom, r. 

 1811 — 18,572—94,073. 



HERKIMER, a county of New York, containing 

 22,046 inhabitants, of whom 64 are (laves. 



HERMINIUM, in Botany, a name by which Linnaeus 

 its author feems, in Phil. Bot. 171, to allude to Hermes, or 

 Mercury, but without any explanation. — Linn. Gen. ed. i. 

 271. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 5, 191. Sm. Compend. 

 ed. 2. 130. — Clafs and order, Gynandrla Monandr'ia. Nat. 

 Ord. Orchidca. 



ECT. Ch. Calyx fpreading. Petals three-lobed, like the 

 lip, which has no fpur. Anther fixed, nearly terminal. 



I. H. monorchis. Muflc Herminium. (Ophrys monor- 

 chis ; Linn. Sp. PI. 1342. Engl. Bot. t. 71.)—" Radical 

 leaves two, lanceolate." — Native of chalky paftures in 

 Europe. A fmall plant, with yellowifh muiky-fcented 

 Jlowers. No genus is better defined, but we know nothing 

 of any other fpecies indicated by Mr. Brown's fpecific 

 charafter. 



HERO, North, 1. 2, of Grand Ifle county ; 1. 3 and 4, 

 r. 1 8 10 — 552. 



HEY 



Hero, South, I. 3, r. S26 ; 1. ult. r. 6^2 



HERRIOT. See Hariot. 



HERTFORD, col. 2, 1. 13 from the bottom, r. 181 1— 

 3900; 1. 12, 2038—1862; 1. II, r. 592. 



Hertford, in America, 1. 2, r. 6052— '80c 



HERTFORDSHIRE, col. 2, 1. 28 and 29, ,-. ,81 1_ 

 20,34.5-— 1 1 1,654— 55,023— 56,63 1. 



HESUS, in Mythology. See Druid.s. 



HEXHAM, 1.4. In the year 181 1, Hexham parifli, 

 divided mto four wards, or townfhips, comprehended 478 

 houies, and 3518 perfons; and Hexham fliire, including four 



rtE\NE, Christian Gottlob, in Biography, was 

 l'>''\^^ Chemmtz, in September 1729, and rofe from 

 iiumble life, after ftrugghng with many difficulties, on 

 account of the penury of his condition, to an eminent rank, 

 as a critical fcholar and philologift. Although his parents 

 were hardly able to derive a fcanty fubfiftence from their 

 abour, he was fent to fchool, and made fuch proficiency in 

 learning, that in his tenth year he was able by teaching 

 °u ^''^'° defray the expences of his own education, and by 

 the affiftance of a neighbouring clergyman, he erftered him- 

 lelt at a grammar-fchool ; and having acquired a competent 

 knowledge of the Latin and Greek languages, he was fent 

 to the univerfity of Leipfic. Private teaching, however, 

 was his refource for further fupplies, and thus fiirniflied he 

 devoted himfelf to the profeffion of the law ; and induftrious 

 in his ftudy of the Roman law and hiftory, he was qualified 

 for reading leftures, which were much approved, on the 

 Roman antiquities. Under the patronage and recommenda- 

 tion of count Bruhl, the Saxon minifter, which he obtained 

 by a Latin elegy, he was invited to Drefden, whither he 

 repaired in 1752 with flattering expetlations, which were 

 eventually difappointed ; fo that he was reduced to a ftate 

 of indigence and diftrefs, without the means of providino- 

 either food or lodging. At length ncceflity compelled him 

 to become a writer, and by one of his performances as a 

 tranflator of a Greek romance, he acquired that tafte for 

 criticifms which raifed him to that eminence in this depart- 

 ment of literature which he afterwards occupied. His next 

 work was an edition of Tibullus, which was followed in 

 I 756 with his firft edition of Epiftetus. But his profpec^s, 

 which appeared promifing in confequence of his accefs to 

 the Bruhlean library, were again precluded by the incurfion 

 of the Pruffians into Saxony, which occafioned the fudden 

 removal of count Bruhl from Drefden, and the difperlion 

 of his library. After fome changes of fituation, he repaired 

 to Drefden in the year 1760; and in the following year 

 married a lady, named Therefa Weifs, to whom he had for 

 fome time been afieftionately attached. In 1763 he was' 

 invited to Gottingen to fupply the vacant profefforfliip of 

 John Matthias Gefner. The fubjefts of his firft academic 

 leftures were, Horace, the Georgics of Virgil, and fome 

 parts of the Tragic writers. In 1766 he explained the 

 Iliad, and afterwards the Greek antiquities. His leifure 

 hours, after his firft fettlement at Gottingen, he employed 

 as a writer and tranflator. Having been appointed, in 

 1763, firft librarian to the univerfity, he obtained, in 1770, 

 the title of aulic counfellor, and became fecretai'y to the 

 Royal Society of Sciences, and editor of the Literary 

 Gazette. In 1 771, he collefted the papers prefented to 

 the fociety for fixteen years, which had been neglected, and 

 publiftied the firft volume of the " Commentarii Novi," 

 which was dedicated to the king. The firft edition of liis 

 Pindar appeared in 1773. His " Catalogue of the Library," 

 begun in 1777, was completed in 1787, and extended to 

 about 150 volumes in folio. But liis opus majus, on wliich 



he 



