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Account of Experiments and Inftruments, depending on the 

 Relations of Air to Heat and Moifture, 3v-o. Edinb. 1814. 

 Edinb. Rev. N° 48. 



HYPERSTONE. See Mineralogy, Addenda. 



HYPOPHOSPHOROUS Acid. See Phosphorus. 



HYPOSULPHUROUS Acid. See Sulphur. 



HYREUS, in Ornithology, a genus of birds of the order 

 Pafleres ; the characters of which are, beak conic, ftraight 



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and ferrated ; noftrils ovate ; tongue (hort and obtufe ; ft-ct 

 with three toes, two before and one behind. There is one 

 fpecies, viz. H. Jbyjfinicus, or black plant -cutter, with the 

 head, throat, and jugulum red, wing-coverts brown, with 

 white margins. It is found in Abyflinia, and, according 

 to Mr. Bruce, it is a folitary fpecies, and fubfifts on the 

 kernels of almonds and other feeds, which it eafily breaks 

 with its ftrong ferrated beak. It frequents woods, and is 

 called " Guifso batito dimmo-won jerck." 



1 and J. 



JACKSON, 1. 2, containing, together with its town Jef- 

 ferfon, 10,569 inhabitants, the flaves in the county 

 being 1789, and in the town 27 ; 1. 3, r. Weft Tenneflee, 

 adding— containing 540 1 inhabitants, of whom 481 were 

 flaves in 1810. 



Jacksonsborough, 1. 2, after Carolina, add — in Scriven 

 county. At the clofe, add — containing 2663 inhabitants, 

 of whom 2000 were flaves in 1 8 10. 



JAFFRAY, 1.4, r. 1336. 



JAGHIRE, 1. 7, after hereditary, add — There are two 

 fpecies of jaghire ; one perfonal, for the ufe of the grantee ; 

 and the other, in truft, for fome public fervice, commonly 

 for the maintenance of troops. 



JAINA, \. penult, r. Myfore. Col. 2, 1. 32, after Jainas, 

 add — fome fay that ; 1. 34, after diftinftions, add — others, 

 however, aflert, that they have the fame fourfold divifion 

 into clafles or cafts. 



JAMAICA, in America, 1. 8, after inhabitants, add — 

 Alfo, a town of Windham county, in Vermont, having 

 996 perfons. 



JAMBAVANTA, 1. i, for Sni r. Sri; 1. 5, for ana- 

 tara r. avatara. 



JAMES II. col. 3, 1. 16, r. 5th. 



James City, 1. 3, r. 4094 inhabitants, of whom 2320 

 were flaves in 18 10. 



James, St. 1. 5, after Chefter, add — Alfo, a parifli in 

 the county of Acadia, in the territory of Orleans, contain- 

 ing 3935 inhabitants. 



JAMESTOWN. Add— Alfo, a town of Newport 

 county, in Rhode ifland, containing 504 perfons. 



JAVA, 1. 24, after one, add — (See Bantam.) At 

 the clofe, add — See Raffles's Java. 



JAY, 1. I, for Kennebeck r. Oxford; 1. 7, r. 1107. 

 Add — Alfo, a town of Orleans county, in Vermont, con- 

 taining 28 inhabitants. 



JAYADEVA, 1. 5 from the bottom, for praftical r. 

 poetical. 



JAYADEVI, 1. 4, for Kan r. Kafi ; 1. 7, for Sina r. 

 Siva. 



ICE, col. 4, 1. 43, add — clouds and frequent changes of 

 wind being certain preventives of its formation ; 1. 44, Dr. 

 Wells, in his EfTay on Dew, &c. has given an account of 



the procefs defcribed by Mr. Williams, which, from its ex-> 

 tent, 300 perfons being employed in it, muft have been 

 carried on for profit, and of courfe would be condufted in 

 the moll economical manner. " A piece of ground, nearly 

 level, containing about four acres, was divided into fquare 

 plats, from four to five feet wide, which were furrounded 

 by little mounds of earth, four inches high. In thefe in- 

 clofures, previoufly filled with dry ftraw, or fugar-cane 

 haum, were placed as many broad, (hallow, unglazed 

 earthen pans, containing unboiled pump water, as they 

 could hold. The air was generally very ftill, when much 

 ice was formed ; wind prevented its formation altogether. 

 In the morning, between five and fix o'clock, at which 

 time alone, Mr. Williams made his obfervations, a thermo- 

 meter, with its bulb naked, placed on the ftraw, amidft the 

 freezing veflels, was never found by him lower than 35° ; 

 and he has obferved ice, when a thermometer fo placed was 

 42°. Another thermometer, fufpended five feet and a half 

 above the ground, was commonly 4° higher than that 

 among the pans. It is poffible, therefore, that Mr. Wil- 

 liams may have feen ice, a little before fun-rife, when the 

 temperature of the air was 46°. But granting this were the 

 faft, it would not hence foUovp, that the ice was formed, 

 while the air poflefled that heat. For, although the air is 

 generally held to be in all countries colder about fun-rife 

 than at any other time, I know, from my own obfervations, 

 that this is not always the cafe in England ; and fimilar 

 exceptions may occur in Bengal." 



The formation of ice in the circumftances above fpecified 

 is afcribed by fir R. Barker wholly, and by Mr. Williams 

 in great meafure, to cold produced by evaporation : and 

 this opinion has been adopted by bifliop Watfon, Thompfon, 

 Young, Davy, and Leflie. Dr. Wells, however, is of 

 opinion, that tl.ey have not fully confidered the fubjed, 

 alleging feveral reafons againft it. He conceives, agreeably 

 to his fentiments refpecling the formation of dew (fee Dew^ ), 

 that the formation of ice in Bengal depends upon the radia- 

 tion ckf heat to the heavens. This caufe, he fays, not only 

 exifts, but exifts in a degree fufficient for the production 01 

 the eft'eft which he attributes to it. To this purpofe he 

 obferves, that according to Mr. Leflie (on Heat, p. 80. ) the 

 aower of water to radiate heat exceeds, perhaps, that of 



