I N U 



perato, a Neapolitan botanill of die i6tli century. See 

 Saccharum, n. 15. 



Vol. XIX. 



INCUBATION, dele the account of the figi-.res. 



INDEPENDENCE, in Geography, a town of Suflex 

 connty, in New Jerfey, containing 1224 inhabitants. 



INDIANA. After the table, add — According to the 

 cenfus of l8lo, Indiana is divided into five counties, -viz. 

 Dearborn, having 7310 inhabitants; Clark, with 5670; 

 Harrifon in two divifions, having in one 2338, and in the 

 other 1257 inhabitants; and Knox in two cantons, one 

 having 4097, and the other 3848. See United States. 



Indiana, in Pennfylvania. Add — Indiana contains nine 

 townlhips, and 6214 inhabitants. — -Alfo, a townfhip of 

 Alleghany county, in Pennfylvania, containing 692 inha- 

 bitants. 



INDICATOR, Honey-guide, in Ornithology, a peculiar 

 genus formed of the CucuLUS /n(/«Va;or; the charafters of 

 which are, beak ftrong, conic, dilated at the bafe, narrow 

 towards the tip, the upper mandible bent and carinated, the 

 lower one recurved at the tip ; nottrils (lightly covered with 

 feathers, feet limple, with two toes before and two behind. 

 The external hinder toe longeft, armed with a ftout claw. 

 See CucuLUS, and for Dr. Span-man's account of it, Phil. 

 Tranf. vol. Ixvii. p. 38. 



INDIGO, Chemical Properties of. The indigo of com- 

 merce is exceedingly impure, and leldom contains more than 

 half its weight of real indigo. Thus, Bergmann could only 

 obtain 47 per cent, of real indigo from the pureft fpecimen 

 he could procure ; and more lately Chevreul from the beft 

 guatimala could only obtain 45 per cent. The following 

 analyfis of Chevreul will give fome idea of the fubftances 

 with which the indigo of commerce is adulterated. 



( Ammonia 



■r. , n r J , . ) Difoxygenifedindigo 1 2 



Subitances ieparated by water -C ^ tt 



\ Bitter matter 



( Green matter - 30 



alcohol < Red matter 



( Indigo 



muriatic f Red matter - 6 



acid ^ Carbonate of lime 2 



Oxyd of iron and 



alumina - - 2 

 Silica - ■ 3 



Pure indigo - 45 



The principal properties of indigo have been already 

 detailed. The efFefts of nitric acid upon indigo, however, 

 as afcertained by Mr. Hatchett, have been omitted, and are 

 fo interefling that they deferve to be mentioned. 



Nitric acid afts on indigo with great violence, fo as even 

 to fet fire to it when concentrated, as was long ago obferved 

 by Woulfe. When the acid is dilute, the attion is lefs 

 violent. Mr. Hatchett, however, found, that when diluted 

 with an equal quantity of water, the aftion of the acid was 

 ftill fo violent as to require further dilution. When the 

 effervefcence had nearly fubfided, the liquid was placed on a 

 fand-bath for fome days, and evaporated to drynefs. Water 

 poured upon this refiduum dilTolved a confiderable portion 

 of it, and formed a beautiful deep yellow folution of an 

 intenfe bitter tafte. This folution contains only a very 



I 



I N G 



imall portion of oxalic acid; but with a folution of ifintrlaf. 

 It forms a copious yellow infoluble precipitate, and hfnce 

 contains a portion of artificial tannin ; withLm^nia cryftal 

 precipitate, confiding of bitter pr.nciple combin d „S 



ammonia. 



with 



When four parts of mtric acid are poured upon one part 

 of mdigo, the pigment loon lofes its colour, and is dilTolled. 

 1 he folution becomes yellow, and a thin layer of a refinous- 

 l.Le lubftance appears on the furface. This fubflance 

 becomes folid on coohng if the procefs be now flopped. If 

 It be removed, and the folution be evaporated to the con- 

 fittence of honey, rediffolved in hot water and filtered, 

 po afh throws down yellow fpicular cryllals, confifting of 

 bmer principle combined with potafh. Thefo ciyftals have 

 the property of detonating with a purple light when wrapped 

 up in a paper, and ilruck with a hammer; the refin by 

 treating it with nitric acid may be converted into the fame 

 bitter principle. If the procefs be flopped fooner than the 

 point above-mentioned yellow cr^^ftals are obtgined, which 

 on fublimation become white, and appear to polfefs the pro- 

 perties of benzoic acid. Thus it appears, that by treadng 

 mdjgo with nitric acid, it ,s converted into tannin, oxalic 

 acid, benzoic acid, and bitter principles. 



INDRA, col. 2, 1. 32 and 33, read thus, without a 

 break, and omitting I^-dra Mal'j,a,~^lAsyz, the hereditary 

 pouenion, ixc. ' 



INDUSTRY, in Geography, a townfiiip of America, in 

 Maine, county of Somerfet, having 562 inhabitants. 



INFLAMMATION ./ the Breaji. See Breast, /„- 

 fammatwn of, in the Addenda. 



INGA, m Botany, an American name, recorded by 

 Marcgraave, and adopted by Plumier. It was funk in 

 Mmofa by Linnaeus ; but Humboldt and Bonpland having 

 feparated from thence the original genus of Plumier, have 

 retained the appellation he had chofen, and they are followed 

 by Waidenow, as v^•ell as by Brown and Aiton in Hort. 

 Keiv. If any b.irbarous name be tolerated, and they can 

 hardly be aU expunged, the prefent is unexceptionable. 

 —Plum. Gen. 13. t. 19. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 4. 1004. Ait. 

 Hort. Kew. V. 5.45i._Clafs and order, Polygamia Mo- 

 noecia ; rather Monadelphia Polyandria. Nat. Ord. Lomen- 

 tacee, Linn. Leguminofis, JufT. 



Eir. Ch. Calyx five-toothed. Corolla tubular, five- 

 toothed. Stamens united into a cylindrical tube. Legums 

 of one cell. Seeds imbedded in pulpy tunics. Some 

 flowers without a piftil. 



Obi. If Mimofa be divided at all, the prefent numerous 

 genus may commodioufly be fepai-ated fi-om it, though the 

 inflorefcence, and ftrufture of \.he Jloiuers, come, in many 

 inllances, very clofe to AcACiA ; fee that article, as well as 

 Mimosa and Desmanthus. From the laft, Inga is truly 

 diftinft, in liaving monadelphous indefinitely numerous 

 Jlamens, no neuter, though many male,_;?ow<"rj, and in every 

 inftance a very different fruit. The greater fize of the 

 leaflets is charafteriftic of Inga, and they are, for the moft 

 part, differently compounded from thofe of the other genera. 

 Willdenow enumerates fifty -eight fpecies, fome of them truly 

 fuperb mxhrn floiuers. Wc {hall give examples of this 

 writer's fix feftions. The leaves ox this whole genus are 

 compound ; none of them fenfitive. 



Seft. I. Leaves twice yoked. Eleven fpecies. 



I. dulcis. Sweet Inga, or Sappan Fruit. Willd. n. 3. 

 Ait. n. I. (Mimofa dulcis; Roxb. Corom. v. 1. 67. t. 99.) 

 — Thorns ftipulary, ftraight. Leaflets eUiptic-oblong, 

 fomewhat pointed. Footftalks with three glands. Clufter 

 compound, terminal. Flowers capitate. Legume twilled. 

 — Native of the Philippine i/lands. Cultivated on the coaft 



of 



