MAN 



fpccics tlian the ek-phant, and the tiifks are called horns. 



wliich the bones of the mammoth are not abundant, and 

 two iflands of great fize near the mouth of the Indigerflia 

 feem entirely compofed of thefe bones mingled with ice, 

 fand, and the bones of the elk, rhinoceros, and other large 

 quadrupeds. 



Similar bones are found in Poland, Germany, France, 

 Holland, and Hungary. We have before mentioned that 

 they are found in various parts of England, and no where 

 more abundantly than in the vale of Thames, particularly 

 near Brentford. The teeth and bones have been generally 

 found in alluvial foil over the chalk formation ; but in Mr. 

 Bakcwell's Introduftion to Geology, an inftance is given of 

 an entire fkeleton having been found in a cavern in the 

 mountain lime-flone near Wirkfworth, in Derbyfhire, in 

 1663. Its /kull was fo large that it is ftated to have held 

 four bufhels of corn. 



MANCHA, La, 1. i and 2, r. bounded on the N. by 

 New Caftile ; dele north of. 



MANCHESTER, 1. 10, add— In 181 1, the number of 

 lioufes in Manchefter and Salford was 16,353, and that of 

 the inhabitants 98,573 ; 44,332 being males, and 54,241 

 females: of whom 19,639 families were employed in trade 

 and manufaftures, and 47 in agriculture: — 1. 15, r. the 

 whole population of which, including Manchefter, was 



'38.349- 



Manchester, in America, 1. 4, r. 1 137 ; 1. 7, r. 1502 ; 

 1. 9, r. 1579; 1. 10, r. 978; add — Alfo, a town of Hillf- 

 borough, in New Hampfhire, containing 615 inhabitants. 



MANEGE, or Menage, denotes an academy, riding- 

 fchool, or other place for learning to ride, and for breaking 

 horfes to their various motions and aftions. Alfo, the exer- 

 cife itfelf, or the art of riding, which teaches at the fame 

 time to form the horfeman and the horfe. 



MANE-SHEET, in the Manege, a covering for the 

 upper part of a horfe's head, extending round his neck, 

 with holes for the ears to pafs through, and joining to the 

 halter upon the fore-part of the head, and likewife to tlie 

 furcingle, or long girth, upon the horfe's back. 



MANGANESE, in Chemlflry. The fpecific gravity of 

 manganefe, according to Dr. John, is 8.013. -^ good deal 

 of confufion ftill exifts refpefting the oxyds of this metal. 

 According to Dr. John, there are three oxyds ; the green, 

 the hro-wn, and the black. According to Berzelius, there are 

 no lefs than five. Sir H. Davy could only obtain two, 

 and Dr. Thomfon agrees with him in concluding there 

 are but two ; namely, the olive or protoxyd, which com- 

 bines with acids, and forms the common falts of manganefe ; 

 and the black or perosyd, which is found native. From the 

 experiments of Dr. John and Berzelius, Dr. Thomfon 

 fixes the weight of the atom of manganefe at 35, and of 

 courfe that of its protoxyd at 45 ; from which data, if 

 correft, the compofition of its falts may be eftimated. The 

 following erratum exills in this article in the Cyclopedia. 

 Col. 3, 1. 16, for malats r. metals ; alfo in the fame 

 col. paragraph 9, at the end of the fentence refpefting iron, 

 add — Berzelius has lately (hewn, that manganefe is a con- 

 Itituent of caji iron. 



MANGE, a cutaneous difeafe, incident to many domeftic 

 quadrupeds, and attended with an eruption and lofs of hair. 

 Its caufes, according to Mr. Ryding, are, fudden changes of 

 temperature, hot ftables, bad diet, and want of cleanlinefs. 

 It is alfo communicated by infeftion, as when a found 

 horfe rubs himfclf againft a ftall, in which a mangy horfe 



M A N 



had been kept. Its fymptoms are, lofs of flerti, without any 

 apparent caufe, a ftaring of the coat, an4 afterwards 

 eruptions, difcharging a thick yellowilh matter, which 

 forms a kind of fcurf that peels off, and a falling off of 

 the hair. The diforder, though partial at firft, foon 

 fpreads all over the body, and is attended with an itching, 

 which caufes the horfe to rub againft every thing that 

 comes in his way. It is faid, that with attention to cleanli- 

 nefs, an ointment compofed of i lb. of prepared hog's-lai'd, 

 ^ lb. of fulphur, 3 oz. of white hellebore in fine powder, and 

 olive-oil in fufficient quantity, rubbed over the afFefted 

 parts, and repeated after an interval of three days, will 

 after two or three applications complete a cure. Some 

 fay, that if the animal's ftrength will allow it, the cure 

 fhould be commenced with bleedings, and a ball formed of 

 powdered nitre, powdered rofm, and caftile foap,of each ^oz., 

 I drachm of camphor in powder, and honey q. s. ftiould be 

 given in the evening. Attention ftiould be paid to diet, ex- 

 ercife, and good grooming ; the bowels ftiould be kept in a 

 proper ilate with mafties, in which I oz. of nitre is diflblved ; 

 the affefted part ftiould be well waftied with a ftrong folution 

 of foft-foap, and afterwards rubbed morning and evening with 

 an ointment compofed of 40Z. of flowers of fulphur, 3 oz. 

 of hog's-lard, and 2 oz. of quickfilver ointment. The 

 ointment may be continued every other day, until the 

 difeafe is removed. Two or three dofcs of mild pliyfic 

 are recommended, and then a ball made of jEthiops' mineral, 

 crude antimony in powder, and cream of tartar, of each 3 oz., 

 and honey q. s. ftiould be given every night for a month. 



In a flight cafe, ftrong tobacco infufion with one-third part 

 of ftale urine, ufed for waftiing the affefted parts, will be 

 fufficient ; but as an efficacious unguent, the following is 

 recommended; viz ~\h. of quickfilver ointment, 40Z. of 

 finely powdered brimftone, 2 oz. of black foap, i^oz. of 

 crude fal ammoniac, and oil of bays and turpentine q. s. ; 

 or tar, gun-powder finely pulverized, black foap, and oil 

 of turpentine, of each about equal quantities ; the fores 

 may be waftied twice a day with a lotion compofed of 

 i oz. of muriated mercury (fublimate) in powder, diluted 

 in 1 1 pint of boiling water; or muriated mercury, mu- 

 riated ammonia (crude fal ammoniac), of each from two to 

 three drachms, and three half pints of boiling water. 



MANHEIM, 1. 3, r. 1282; 1.5, r. 2207; add — 

 Alio, a townftiip in Berks county, having 1354 inha- 

 bitants. 



MANINGTREE,1. i8,r. 1811 ; 1. 19, r. 1075—217. 



MANNA, Chemical Properties of. Manna differs from 

 fugar in feveral remarkable particulars. It diftolves very 

 readily and abundantly in alcohol, and cryftallizes on 

 cooling. Nitric acid converts it partly into oxalic, and 

 partly into faclaiftic acid. It does not ferment hke fugar, 

 and of courfe yields no alcohol. The common > manna of 

 the ftiops, according to Fourcroy and Vauquelin, confifts 

 of four different ingredients. Pure manna conllituting about 

 three-fourths of the whole — a little common fugar— a yellow 

 matter with a naufeous odour, to which the purgative 

 qualities of manna are chiefly owing — and a little mucilage, 

 convertible into faclaftic acid. Manna feems to be formed 

 during the fermentation of many juices, fuch as the juices of 

 the onion, melon, &c. 



MANNINGTON. Add— containing, in 18 10, 1664 

 inhabitants. 



MANOR, 1. 2, r. 2642. 



MANSFIELD, 1. 23, r. 181 1— 1427 ; 1. 24, r. 6816. 



Mansfield, in America, 1. 3, r. 1810 — 2058; 1.6, 

 r. 1030 ; 1. 10, r. 38 ; 1. 14, r. — In 1810 the number was 

 l8lO; 1. 16, 2570. 



MANTUA, 



