M A R 



MANTUA, a townfliip of Ohio, in Portage county, 

 containing 243 inhabitants. 



MARAZION, 1. 15 and 13 from bottom, r. 181 1 — 

 184 — 1022. 



MARBLEHEAD, 1. 4, r. 5900. 



MARECHAUSSES, denoted, under the French mo- 

 narchy, feveral fmall bodies of troops, compofed of officers 

 and foldiers who had been in fervice, that continued ftationarv- 

 in the principal towns, for the purpofe of aiding the civil 

 magiftrate. That in Paris confifted of three companies ; 

 ■ti/'z. the company belonging to the " Lieutenant criminel de 

 " Robe au Courte," or to that particular court of judi- 

 cature which was fuperintended by the provoft de la Mare- 

 chaufiee, and which Charles IX. attached to the gendar- 

 merie ; the independent company of mounted police, called 

 " Guet a Cheval ;" and the company of the pohce or foot 

 patrole, called " Guet a Pied," which was again fubdi- 

 vided into two companies, in order that one might do the 

 duty of the quays. Thefe companies were under the imme- 

 diate dire£lion of the fecretarj' of ftate for the interior 

 department of Paris. 



MARGARIC Acid, in Chemiflry. This acid exifts in 

 the form of pearly fcales ; hence the name. It was 

 firft defcribed by Che\Teul, who obtained it by digefting 

 a foap made of hog;'s-lard and potafh in water. Part of the 

 margarate cf potafh was diflblved, while another part was 

 depofited in the form of pearl-coloured fcales. The potarti 

 was afterwards removed by muriatic acid, and thus the 

 margaric acid obtained in a ftate of purity. Margaric acid 

 is pearl-white. It is taftelefs, and emits a fmell fomething 

 like white wax. It melts at a temperature of 134', and 

 cryftalhzes on cooUng into beautiful brilliant white needles. 

 It is infoluble in water, but very foluble in alcohol. It 

 reddens vegetable blues very readily, and combines with all 

 the bafes, efpecially with the alkalies and alkaline earths, 

 forming falts, or rather foaps. Dr. Thomfon, from the 

 experiments of Chevreul, fixes the weight of the atom of 

 this acid at 330. 



MARGATE, col. 3, 1. 9, r. 181 1 ; 1. 10, r. 6126— 



i229. 



MARION, 1. 2, r. 8884—2771. 



MARK Island, a townfhip of Hancock county, in 

 the diftrift of Maine, with few inhabitants. 



MARLBOROUGH, col. 2, 1. 8 from the bottom, r. 

 l%ii — 2579; 1. 7, r. 44J. Col. 3, 1. 24, after lady Jane, 

 dele unhappily for herfelf ; 1. 27, after favourite, r. who 

 d^ed in child-birth of Edward VI. ; dele who was dellined to 

 fiiffer the fate of her predeceiTor. 



Marlborough, in America, 1. 4, add^-containing 

 4996 inhabitants, of whom 1709 were (laves in 1810; 1. 7, 

 r. 1674; 1- 12, r. 1810 — 1245; 1. 14, r. 1 1 12. Col. 2, 

 1. I, r. three ; 1. 2, after Pennfylvania, r. one in Montgomery 

 county, haring 672 inhabitants ; and. E. and TV. Marl- 

 borough, in Chefter county ; the former having 1046, and the 

 latter 917 inhabitants. — Alfo, a town of Hartford county, in 

 Connefticut, having 720 inhabitants. — Alfo, a townlhip of 

 Delaware county, in Ohio, containing 177 inhabitants : — 

 1.5, r. 1832. 



MARLOW, Great, col. 2, 1. 16 and 17, r. 181 1— 

 225 — 1 166 perfons ; add — and its borough to contain 468 

 houfes, and 2799 inhabitants ; 1. 20, add — in a parifh of 

 the fame name, which contains 140 houfes, and 730 inha- 

 bitants. 



Marlow, in America, 1. 2, r. 564. 



MARPLE, a townfhip of Delaware county, in 

 Pennfylvania, having 649 inhabitants. 



MARSELLOIS, The, or Marfeilla Hymn, a national 



MAR 



march, adopted by the French during the courfe of the 

 Revolution, and regularly played in their armies when they 

 went to battle. It was frequently accompanied, or rather 

 fucceeded by the " 9a ira," a lively tune ; the former 

 being calculated for (low or ordinary time, and the latter 

 for quick movements. Both are now profcribed. 



MARSHFIELD, 1. 25, r. 1811— 272; 1. 26, r. 

 1415. 

 Marshfield, in America, 1. 4, r. 1364; 1. 6, r. cij. 

 MARSHPEE, 1. 3, r. 139. 



MARTELLO, or Mortello, Towers, denoting fmall 

 caftles erected for the defence of a coaft ; fuch are thofe of 

 Romnay Marfh, of the ifland of Jerfey, Hahfax in Nova 

 Scotia, &c. Grofe derives the term mortello, from morta, 

 whence mota or moat, wliich formerly fignified a caftle. 

 Others derive it from the Italian " fonare in campana a 

 martello," to found the alarm bell, which, in fome 

 parts of Italy, is ftruck by hammers. In old French, 

 the word fignifying the fame thing, (now marteau,) was 

 marlel, and martel en tete was the adage for the rumour of 

 annoyance or alarm. 



MARTOCK, 1. 2, r. 1623. 



MARU. Add— This was the ancient capital of the pro- 

 vince of Margiana, founded by Alexander the Great, and 

 afterwards embelhfhed by Antiochus Nicator, who called 

 it Antiochia. It was one of the four imperial cities of 

 KhoralFan ; its fruits were finer than thofe of any other place, 

 and the walls were on all fides furrounded with (lately 

 palaces, groves, and gardens. It was taken and pillaged 

 by the Ufbecks about 25 years ago ; fince which time, it 

 has gradually declined, and the population is now reduced to 

 3000 fouls, under the government of Hyder Shah of 

 Bokhara. The revenues of the khan are 20 maunds of 

 grain, and 60,000 rupees annually. It is 88 furfungs from 

 hence to Herat. Dele the next article. 



MARY, queen of Scotland, 1. 2, infert (or 7th). 

 Col. 2, 1. 29, after their own, add — This article, fays 

 Mr. Chalmers, i^uhi infra) denuded the Scottifh queen, 

 who was heir-prefumptive to the crown of England, of all 

 future pretenfions to the crov.-n. The ftipulation, h fays, 

 ought to have been, not in all timss coming, as expr :Ted in 

 the article, but during the life of Elizabeth. Confidering, 

 moreover, the defeftive powers of the French negociators 

 to treat of a matter of that importance, in addition to the 

 wording of the claufe, thefe circumftances created an infu- 

 perable objettion to the ratification of fuch a treaty ; which 

 treaty was never ratified by the Scottifh queen, or by any 

 perfon under lier authority. Col. 4, 1. ^, for He r. 

 Darnley ; 1. 20. — We know for certain, fays Mr. Chalmers, 

 that the king was murdered by Murray's faiftion, and that 

 Morton, Bothwell, and Maitland, were the eminent cha- 

 racters who were attainted by parliament for the deed, 

 though many inferior perfons, and fome of the innocent, 

 were tried and punifhcd for the fame crime. But the queen, 

 he fays, as (he was not one of that faftion, was not guilty ; 

 and every attempt of Robertfon and Laing to eftablilli hct 

 privity to this tranfgreffion has failed. Col. 6, 1. 28, after 

 employers, add — Queen Ehzabeth, it has been faid, wilhed 

 to have had Mary put to death privately by poifou or by 

 afTaffination, and aftually fuggefted and expreffed bci 

 withes to this purpofe, and (he thus afted fuitabiy to the 

 declaration made by her on Palm-funday 1572 ; •viz,. 

 " that the queen of Scots' head (hould never be quiet." 

 At length, when her dark hints or more exphcit inftrucliooi, 

 communicated to Paulet and Drury her keepers, had 

 failed of producing effect, preparations, &c. ; 1. 29, after 

 publicly, add— but the privy-counfellors differed in their 

 3 Y 2 opinion 



