MINERALOGY. 



Haijy. (See Iro\-oke.) According to Klaprotli, this 

 ore contains, 



Oxyd of iron 

 Phofphoric acid - 

 Water 



47.50 



32.0 



20 



99-5 



ChrowaU of Iron. See Chuome, and Chromate of Iron, 



Addenda. 



Cube On: S^e OnES of Iron. 



Muruile of Iron, Native , or Pyropnute, Fer muriate, Fr. lias 

 a liver-brown colour, inclining to piilacluo-green. It occurs 

 vryftallized in iliort Ik-iidcd prifins. The termnial planes 

 of the cryftals are rtiining and pearly, the lateral planes, 

 when clear, are fhining and vitreous. It has a foliated 

 ftruthire and four-fold cleavage, the moft diftinft of which 

 is parallel with the terminal planes. It is tranducent on the 

 edges, and yields a brownifh-white ftreak. Its fpecific 

 gravity is 3.08. It is infoluble in water, but foluble in 

 muriatic acid, except a fmall refiduum of filiceous earth. 

 Before the blow-pipe, it gives out copious fumes cf oxy- 

 ninriatic acid. This is a very rare ore of iron. 



The folloAving table of the annual quantity of iron raifed 

 and fmelttd in different parts of Europe, is extrafted from 

 the fecond edition of Jamefon's Mineralogy, vol. ii. p. 314. 



Quintals of 100 Pounds each. 



Great Britain ... 5,000,000 



France . - - - . 4,500,000 



Ruflia 1,075,679 



Sweden .... 1,500,000 



Auftria .... 1,010,400 



Pruffia, after the treaty of Tilfit 322,053 



Kingdom of Weftphalia in 1808 187,41 1 



Spain 180,000 



Danifli ftates . - . . 135,000 



Bavaria and the Tyrol - . 110,000 



Kingdom of Saxony - - 80,000 



The United States of America, without including 

 Louifiana and the Indiana territory, are faid to yield 480,000 

 quintals, and, according to Dr. Bruce, the value of the 

 iron and inanufaftured articles of iron in the United States 

 is from twelve to fifteen milUons of dollars. The annual 

 importation, including bar-iron and every article of iron or 

 fteel, is eftimated at four millions. 



Iridium, an alloy of iridium with ofmiuni. See Osmium, 

 Addenda. 



IsERiNE. See Titanium. 



.Jade, Jade-Nephrite, Fr. See Nephrite, Addenda. 

 Jasper. (See Jasper.) In that article it is ftated, that 

 common jafper is exclulively found in veins : this is not 

 fti-iftly correft, for jafper occurs in irregular beds and 

 maffes in the argillaceous fchiftus, which covers the granite 

 of the Grampian-hills in Kincardintfliire. Jafper occurs in 

 fome of the beds of manganefe near Exeter. 

 Jenite. See Yenite. 



Jet Pitch-coal, Jayet, Fr., has a black colour, and yields 

 a browui(h-bIack ftreak. It occurs malTive, and in the fhape 

 of branches. Jet has a ligneous ftrufture. The frafture is 

 large and perfect conchoidal, with a fliining refmous luftre. 

 It becomes cleftric by fritlion, and burns with a greenilh 

 flame and bituminous odour. Jet, according to the experi- 

 ments of Dr. MaccuUoch, contains vegetable extraft on 



diftillation ; but when heated under comprefTion, it is con- 

 verted into true mineral coal. For fome account of the 

 localities of jet, fee Jet. 



Kaolin. See Porcelain Earth, Addenda. 



Kyanite, or Cyanite ; Diflhene, Haiiy ; Sappare, Sauf- 

 fure. Its colours are blueifh, or grey ilcy-blue, and pale 

 blueifh-green. The white varieties are partially fhaded 

 with blue. It occurs cryftallized and maffive. The form 

 of the cryftals are an oblique four-fided prifm, with two 

 oppolite broad, and two oppofite narrow planes. This is 

 the primitive cryftal. It occurs alfo truncated on the two 

 oppofite acute lateral edges, forming an hexahedral prifm ; 

 fometimes all the lateral edges are truncated ; and fometimes 

 two prifms are joined by their broader lateral planes, forming 

 a twin cryftal. The narrow lateral planes are longitudinally 

 ftreaked. The luftre is ftiining and pearly, and that of the 

 broad planes is fometimes fplendent. Kyanite has a lamellar 

 ftrutture, with a cleavage parallel to the planes of an 

 oblique tetrahedral prifm ; that parallel with the broad 

 lateral planes is the moft diftinft. The ftrufture of 

 amorphous kyanite is more or lefs curvedly lamellar, 

 paffing into bladed. It is tranducent or tranfparent ; it 

 i'cratches glafs, and is eafily frangible. The fpecific gra- 

 vity is 3.47 to 3.51. Some of the cryftals become pofi- 

 tively eleftric, others negative ; hence the name difthene 

 was given to it by Haiiy, on account of its double eleftrical 

 powers. It is infufible before the blow-pipe. According 

 to Klaproth, its conftitucnt parts are, 



Alumint 



Silex 



Oxyd of iron 



According to Langier, 



Alumine - 



Silex 



Lime 



Oxyd of iron 



55-5 

 43 

 0.5 



99.0 



55-30 



38.50 



0.50 



2-75 



97.05 



It occurs in primitive mountains, in mica-flate, talc-date, 

 and white-ftone. It has been found at Boharn, in Bamf- 

 fliire, and Banihory, Aberdcendiire. In India it is cut and 

 polifhed, and fold as an inferior kind of fappliire. Some- 

 times cryftals of kyanite may be feen joined and inter, 

 mixed with grenolite, (fee Grenolite, ) which fliews the 

 near alliance of thefe minerals, which have alfo nearly the 

 fame chemical corapofition. 



Labrador Felfpar. See Felspar. 



Labrador Hornblende. See Hyperstene, Addenda. 



Lapis-Lazuli. See Lazuli. 



Latialite. See Hauyne, Addenda. 



Laumonite. See Zeolite. 



Lazmestone. See Lazuli. 



Lazulite. See Lazulite. 



Lead-Ores. (See Lead, where eleven fpecies of le.id- 

 ore are defcribed.) The antimonial lead-ore is called 

 the triple fulphuret of lead. Four other fpecies of lead- 

 ores have fmce been defcribed ; cobaltic lead-ore, native 

 minium, arfeniate of lead, and muriate of lead. 



Cobaltic Lead-ore has a fredi lead-grey colour, and a 

 fliining metallic luftre. It occurs minutely diffeminated, 



and 



