MINERALOGY. 



RuTiLE, or Sphene ; T'ltane oxide, Haiiy. (See Rctile.) 

 This mineral, which appears to be on analyils a pure 

 oxyd of titanium, (fee Titanium,) is of a dark blood-red 

 colour, or light-red and brovvnifh-red. It occurs maflive, 

 difleminated, membranous, and in cryftals. The crvftals 

 are rectangular four-iided prifms, oblique four-fided prifms, 

 and alfo fix and eight-l'ided prifms. The cryftals are 

 fmall and often capillary. It occurs imbedded in drufy 

 cavities, in granite, fienite, gneifs, mica-flate, chlorite-flate 

 and hornblende-flate, and in lime-ftone. It has been found 

 in the granite of Cairngorm, the Hme-ftone of Rannech, 

 and at Craig Cailleach, near Killin, imbedded in quartz, 

 alfo near Bedgallcft, in Caemarvondure. 



RuTlLlTE, Titane filiceo calcaire, or fphene. See Ru- 

 TILITE and Spue.n'e. 



Saiilite. (See Sahlite.) Pyroxene lam'inaire grh 

 •verdatre, Haiiy. According to Bournon, the primitive 

 form of fahlite is a rectangular four-fided prifm, having 

 rectangular bafes, which are inclined on the two oppofite 

 fides of the prifm, fo as to form angles of 109^,15, and 

 73^,45 : hente he confiders it as a diftinft fpecies from 

 augit. According to Jamefon, the cleavages of fahlite 

 are five-fold, one parallel with the terminal planes, two with 

 the lateral planes, and two \v\Xh the diagonals of the prifm ; 

 the three firft are made with great facility. The crofs 

 fraClure of fahlite is uneven and dull ; that of augit, 

 though uneven, generally inclines to conchoidal, and has 

 a confiderable degree of luftre. 



Sal Ammosiac, Native ; Jlmmoniaque nuiriatee, Haiiy. 

 (See Sal Ammoniac.) This fait is divided into two 

 fub-fpecies by Werner, volcanic fal ammoniac and con- 

 choidal fal ammoniac. The former occurs in fiffures, or 

 coating volcanic rocks, and alfo in the vicinity of burning 

 beds of coal. The latter occurs with fulphur, in indurated 

 clay, or clay-flate, in Bucharia. According to Klaproth, 

 it contains 2.50 of fulphate of ammonia, with 97.50 of the 

 muriate. 



Sappace, Kyanite ; Dijlhene, Haiiy. See Sappace, 

 and Kyanite, Addenda. 



Sapphire, Telejle, and Corindon hyalin, Haiiy. The 

 common forms of the cryftals of fapphire are the perfeft 

 fix-fided pyramid and fix-fided prifm, or the double fix-fided 

 pyramid. Thefe forms are frequently varioufly modified 

 by truncations on the angles and extremities. (See Gems, 

 Sapphire, and Ruby, Addenda.) The red fapphire is 

 the oriental ruby ; it differs a little from the blue 

 fapphire in its conftituent parts, which, according to Che- 

 nevix, are, 



Alumina 



Silex 



Oxyd of iron 



90 



7 

 1.2 



98.2 



Sapphire occurs in alluvial foil along with pyrope, 

 zircon, and iron-ftone, at Podfedlitz and Trziblith, in 

 Bohemia ; in the banks of the ftream Riou, near Expailly, 

 in France ; alfo at Brendole, in the Vicentine, and in 

 Portugal. 



Sarcolite, Red Zeolite. See Sarcoute and Zeolite. 



Sarde, Sardoine, a reddifh-brown cornelian, which ap- 

 pears of a deep blood-red when held between the eye and 

 the light. 



Sardonix is a cornelian compofed of white and red 

 layers. 



Sassolix, Native Boracic Acid. See Sassolin-. 

 See SAT^frSPAf'""*' ^'''•^''-'-■^W^ -^-^^. Hauy. 

 Saussurite, Felfpath Tenace, Haiiy; a mineral fo 

 caUed after the older Sauffure. It was confidered bTh.r^ 

 as nearly alhed to nephrite or jade, (fee Nephrite, Ad- 

 denda,) but ,s now claffed ^rith the felfpar family. It 

 occurs maflive, difl-eminated, and in rolled pieces, in various 

 parts of Switzerland and Norway, Finland, Italy, France, 

 and Savoy, and it forms a conftituent part of the well-known 

 rock ,n Corfica, called the Ferde di Corjica, which k com- 

 pofed of diaUage and faufl-urite. It occurs with dialla^e 

 metalloide near the Lizard < Point, in Cornwall. The 

 CO ours are white-grey and green, of various tints ; green or 

 yeUowift, or greenift-white, are the moft prevailing colours. 

 Internally the luftre is duU or faintly ghmmering. 



The fracture 13 fplintery ; but according to Mr. Jamefon, 

 an imperfedly foliated ftrutture may be difcerned with a 

 double reaangular cleavage. It is faintly tranflucent on 

 the edges, is extremely tough, and fo hard, as to fcratch 

 K r V^ '° fomewhat unduous. The fpecific gravity 



ot faufl-urite is 3.20 to 3.31. According to Sauffure, the 

 conltituent parts are, 



Silex 



Alumine - - . 



Lime - . . 



Soda ... 



Potafh 



Iron ... 



Manganefe 



According to IClaproth, 



Silex 



Alumine - 

 Lime 



Magnefia - 

 Soda 

 Iron 



Before the blow-pipe, fauffurite melts on the edges and 

 angles ; but according to Mr. Jamefon is not entirely fufible. 

 SCAPOLITE, Paranthine, Haiiy. (See Scapolite.) 

 This mineral has been dirided by Mr. Jamefon into three 

 fub-fpecies ; radiated fcapohte, foliated fcapolite, and corn- 

 pad fcapolite. Foliated fcapolite has a three-fold and rather 

 obHque-angular cleavage ; the crofs fracture is fmall and 

 fine-grained, uneven or fmall conchoidal. This mineral, 

 befides occurring with the other fub-fpecies in Scandinaria, is. 

 found along with fchorl in granitic maffes that are imbedded 

 in compad felfpar, or white-ftone, on the north-weilern ac- 

 clivity of the Saxon Erzgebirge. Compad green fcapolite is 

 the wernerite of Haiiy. It occurs both maflive and cryf- 

 tallized in redangular four-fided prifms, acuminated by four 

 planes fet on the lateral edges. Compact red fcapoUte 

 occurs along with the green fub-fpecies, but is of a blood- 

 red colour. All the varieties of fcapolite decay very readily 

 on expofure to the air. 



Schorl, Tourmaline noir, Haiiy. (See Schorl.) The 



conftituent parts of fchorl, as ftated by Klaproth, vary 



4 D 2 confiderably 



