from the end, 



See Mine- 



P I T 



PHILIPSBURG, a town of York county, in Maine, 

 .with 1427 inhabitants. 



PHILOSOPHER'S Stove, 1. 23 

 fhould not encourage. 



PHLOGISTON, 1. 19, r. now faid to be feparaled. 



PHOCA, 1.4, r. fix (or four, Shaw.) 



PHOSPHATE of Copper, in Mineralogy. 

 RALOGV, Addenda. 



PHOSPHORITE. See Mineralogy, y/^(/cW<;. 



PHOSPHORUS, Phofphoric Acid, Phofphates, &c. in 

 Chemiftry. According to the moft recent determination of 

 Dr. Thomfon, the weight of the atom of phofphorus is 15, 

 that of phofphorous acid 25, and that of phofphoric acid 

 35. A good deal of doubt, however, flill hangs over this 

 principle and its compounds. The hypophofphorous acid, dii- 

 covercd by Dulong, and which is formed when phofphuret of 

 barytes is diflolved in water, appears to contain lefs oxy- 

 gen than cither the phofphorous or phofphoric acid, and 

 was formerly confidered as the protoxyd or firil compound 

 of phofphorus and oxygen. Dr. T., however, is latterly 

 difpofed to confider the hypophofphorous acid as a compound 

 of 2 atoms phofphorus -i- I atom oxygen ; but this is by 

 no means afcertained. We may alfo obferve, that all the 

 bcft analyfes of the phofphates fliew that the weight of the 

 atom of phofphoric acid hes between 40 and 45. 



We may mention here, that Dulong has obferved an ac:d 

 formed during the flow combuilion of phofphorus, com- 

 pofed, as he fuppofes, of i atom phofphorous acid + 1 atom 

 phofphoric acid, and which he has named phofphatic acid. 



PHRYGIA Minor, 1.6, r. N,W. ; 1. 26, r. Alexan- 

 dria-Troas. Col. 3, 1. 8, r. Podarces. 



PICiE. At the clofe, add — See Aves, Classifica- 

 tion, and Natural Hijlory. 



PICROLITE. See Mineralogv, Addenda. 

 PICROMEL, in Chemiftry. See Bile. 

 PIGMENTS. Add— The refults of fir Humphry 

 Davy's late experiments on the colours ufed by the ancients 

 as pigments are as follow. The red colours which they 

 employed he found to be red-lead, vcrmihon, and iron 

 ochre. The yellows were yellow ochre, in fome cafes 

 mixed with chalk, in others with red-lead. The ancients 

 likevvife ufed orpiment and mafficot as yellow paints. The 

 blue was a pounded glafs, compofed of foda, filica, lime, 

 and oxyd of copper. Indigo was likevvife employed by 

 the ancients, and they coloured bUie glafs with cobalt. The 

 greens were compounds containing copper ; fometimes the 

 carbonate mixed with chalk ; fometimes with blue glafs. 

 In fome cafes, they confilled of the green-earth of Verona. 

 Verdigris was likewife ufed by the ancients. The purple 

 colour found in the baths of Titus, was an animal or 

 vegetable matter combined with alumina. The blacks were 

 chan:oal ; the browns ochres ; the whites chalk or clay. 

 White-lead was likewife known to the ancient painters. 



PILKINGTON, 1. I, after Lancalhire, add— in the 

 hundred of Salford, and parifh of Preftwick, containing 

 7353 perfons, occupying 1196 houfes, of whom 1223 are 

 employed in trade and manufaftures, and 166 in agricul- 

 ture. 



PILLORY. This kind of punifhment is now .ibo- 

 lifhed ill Eiigland. 



PITCH-Stone. See Mineralogy, Addenda. 



PITT, in America, 1. 2, add — of whom 3589 were 

 flaves in 10 10. 



PITTSTOWN. Add, at the clofe - containing 694 

 perfons. 



PITTSYLVANIA, !, 2, add— of whom 6312 were 

 ilaves. 



P O G 



PLANE-Tree, for Plantanus r. Platanus. 



PLANET, col. 20, 1. 6 from bottom, for 365 days, 

 hours and minutes, r. 365 days. 



PLANETARIUM, col. 20, 1. 34 from bottom, for 

 Jupiter's r. Saturn's. Col. 23, 1. 15 from bottom, for 23° 

 32' 59"/-. 23° '39' 59". 



PLAQUEMINA, m Geography, a parifh of the county 

 of Orleans, in the territory of Orleans, containing 1549 

 perfons. The foil of this parifli is well adapted to the 

 cultivation of the fugar-cane, and fome of the largeft fugar 

 eftates yet formed on the Miffiflippi are within its limits, fo 

 that fugar is its llaple commodity. The important port of 

 fort St. Philip is one of the defences of Louifiana. 



PLASNIA. See Mineralogy, Addenda. 



PLATINUM, in Chemiftry. Dr. Thomfon concludes, 

 from the beft experiments that have been made on this 

 metal and its compounds, that the weight of its atom is 

 226.25. 



PLATYSTACUS, in Ichthyology, a genus of abdominal 

 fifhes, inftituted by Dr. Bloch, and nearly allied to that of 

 Silurus. Its generic characters are, that it has the habit of 

 iilurus, mouth beneath, bearded with cirri, body fcalelefs, 

 depreffed, tail long, comprefled. Dr. Shaw enum.erates 

 and defcribes the following fpecies, viz. coiylcphorus, with 

 fix beards, and ventral acetabula, the Silurus afpredo of Lin- 

 naeus, a native of the Indian feas and rivers : lecvus, with 

 eight beards and fmooth abdomen, differing perhaps only in 

 fize from the former : verrucofus, or warted brown P. 

 marked above by longitudinal warted lines, with fhort anal 

 fin, fimilar to the lall, but fmaller and of a lefs elongated 

 form ; a native of the Indian feas : anguillaris, or eel-lhaped 

 brown P., with longitudinal white flripes, and the fecond 

 dorfal, anal, and caudal fin united, form lefs broad in front 

 than that of tlie preceding fpecies, having eight inftead of 

 fix beards ; a native of the Indian feas. 



PLEASANT, in Geography, 1. 2, r. 1246. Add— 

 Alfo, a townfhip in Franklin county, having 159 in- 

 habitants. 



Pleasant, Mount. Add — a townfhip in Madifon 

 county, having 328 inhabitants. 



PLUMSTEAD, 1. 2, in Bucks county, having 1407 

 inhabitants. 



PLUTONIUM, in Chemiftry, a name given by Dr. 

 Clarke to the fuppofed metallic bafis of barytes. See 

 Barytes and Blovv-pipe. 



Vol. XXVIII. 



POGONIUS, in Ornithology, a genus of birds of the 

 order Picx ; the charafters of which are, beak large, thick, 

 ciliated at the bafe, with the upper mandible bidentate on 

 both fides, noftrils covered with briftles, feet fimple, with 

 two toes before and two behind. Of this genus there are 

 three fpecies, all inhabitants of Africa; i'/i. Julcirojlris, or 

 groove-beaked, the blue-black P. with throat, neck, belly, 

 and an obfcure flripe on the wings, fcarlet, fides yellowiih, 

 back with a white fpot, quills dark -brown, upper mandible 

 with one longitudinal, under with many tranfverfe, grooves ; 

 inhabits about the coafl of Barbary : Uvirojlris, or fmooth- 

 beaked black P., with throat, neck, breafl, abdomen, and 

 a ftripe on the wings, fcarlet, back with a white fpot, 

 crown of the head variegated with fcarlet ; beak fmooth, 

 not grooved ; the bucca dubius B. of Latham : vicilloti, or 

 brown P., whitifh beneath, head, neck, throat, and fpots 

 on the breaft, fcarlet ; interior wing-quills externally mar- 

 ginal with pale ; beak fmooth, not grooved. Shaw. 



POINT, 



