THE 



pofTefTes the properties of an acid, combining with alkalies, 

 Imd prccipitatini^ mod metallic folntions like fulphuretted 

 LydroRcn. Chlorine g^s immediately decompofes it. 

 The other properties of this gas have not been fatisfaftonly 

 examined. From the experiments of R.tter, there appears 

 to be a folid compound of tellurium and hydrogen. _ 



Tellurium feems alfo to have the property of combming 



with carbon. 



TEMPTATION, col. 2, 1. 28, r. emmence. 

 TE R RITO R Y, Missouri, col. 2,1.5, add— it was hrlt 

 difcovered bv Sebaftian Cabot in 1487, and in 1512 vifited by 

 John Pontio'de Leon, a Spaniard, who endeavoured to form 

 afettlement. In 1684 M. de la Sella, a Frenchman, dil- 

 covcred the mouth of the Miffiflippi, and built Fort Louis ; 

 but being affadinated, it was again abandoned. In the year 

 1698, captain Ibberville failed to the Miffiffippi, formed a 

 fettlement, and named the country Louifiana. About 

 twenty-two years :ifterwards, M. de la Suieur alfo failed up 

 the Mitfiffippi, and proceeded to the diftance of 2280 miles 

 from its mouth. In 1762 France ceded it to Spain: in 

 1800-1801 Spain ceded it back to France; and by a treaty 

 of April 30lh, 1803, the French government fold it to the 

 United States for the fum of fifteen millions of dollars, pay- 

 able in fifteen years at the rate of one million annually. 

 Bradbury's Travels, p. 214. 



TEST-AcT, col. 10, 1. 4, for ofEce r. offence. 

 TEUTATES. Add— See Druids. 

 TEUTHIS, Hf.patus, l.penull. r. Tang. 

 TEWKESBURY, in Geography, a town of Hunterdon 

 county, in New Jerfey, containing 1 308 perfons, of whom 

 66 were fiaves in I'Aio. 



THEOPHILANTHROPISTS, a feft which fprung 

 lip, flourifhed, and became extinft in France during the 

 period of the Revolution. It has been faid, that the 

 " temple of nature," opened in Margaret-Street, London, in 

 1776, by the lately deccafed David Williams, an aftive 

 member, if not the founder of tlie fociety for the relief of 

 decayed and indigent authors, for worfhip on Deiftical prin- 

 ciples, fuggefted to the unbelievers of France the idea of a 

 ritual and liturgy of deifm, which was firft carried into 

 execution in the year 1796. The refemblance of the prin- 

 ciples of fome members of the feci to thofe of Robefpierre, 

 and of its ceremonies to the worfliip of the goddefs of 

 Reafon, has led fome perfons to reprefent the Theophilan- 

 thropifts as partifans of the tyrant, and their meetings as 

 Jacobinical clubs; but the abbe Gregoire (uii infra) haa 

 laboured to vindicate them as a body from this charge. 

 The firft perfon who planned the celebration of the rites of 

 natural religion appears to have been D'Aubermcnil, a 

 romantic enthufiail, who wifhed to revive a part of the 

 doftrincs of the ancient Magi. In his work intiiled 

 " Culte dcs Adorateurs," which is a rubric, a liturgy, and 

 a treatife of morals, eight days are appointed for labour, 

 and tlie ninth for reft ; but the temples were to be con- 

 ftantly open, and the facred fire kept burning in them with 

 the mod religious care. The priefts, whofe coftume was 

 prefcribed, were to offer to the Deity grain and fruits of 

 different kinds, fait and oil, and, turning to the four cardinal 

 points, to pour libations and make apoftrophes to the 

 elements. The twelve figns of the zodiac were to be 

 painted on the walls of the temple, (or afylum, as it was 

 denominated,) and under each thirty butterflies, to reprefent 

 the numbrr and fhortnefs of our days. Sacred dances were 

 to be performed at different periods ; the elderly men lead- 

 ing off with the matrons, the young men and the virgins 

 following. At funerals a libation was to be poured out to 



T H O 



the manes of the deceafed, and the cldefl of his relations was 

 to throw water on the fire, addrefling the element in a pre- 

 pared formula. D'Aubermenil propofed to denominate 

 his followers " Theoantropophiles," which appellation 

 was afterwards changed to " Theophilantropes." As the 

 churches had all become national property, the Theophi- 

 lanthropifts applied to the civil authorities for the ufe of 

 them jointly with the Catholics ; and their requeft was 

 granted, on condition th^t each party fliould remove the 

 emblems and decorations of its own worfliip, v.'hile that of 

 the other was performed. We (hall not detain our readers 

 with defcribing their ritual, the drefs of their orators, or the 

 circumftances attending their wordiip, and their marriage- 

 fervice, nor fhall we detail their moral leffon, or give fpeci- 

 mens of their hymns and facred poetry. This fe£t did not 

 fubfifl for a long time ; the zeal of its partifans began to 

 decline in the provinces ; and it appears, from the regifters 

 of a fociety at Bourges, that their firll fitting was held in 

 the cathedral, Feb. 29, 1798 ; and that on the l8th of 

 Auguft, 1800, their number being reduced to feven or 

 eiprht, they difperfed, and the Theophilanthropic church of 

 Bourges became extinft two years and a half after its firll 

 formation. In about five years, the whole feft had quietly 

 difappeared ; the lafl trace of it being that Chemin, who 

 wrote a work defending their principles, made ufe of their 

 manual as a fchool-book in a feminary at Paris, where he 

 taught Latin. See Abbe Gregoire's Hiftoire dcs Seftes 

 Religienfes, &c. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris. 



THOMPSON'S Pond, and Shahr Seltlement, in Gto- 

 graphv, a townfhip of America, in the diflrift of Maine, 

 and county of Cumberland, having 191 inhabitants. 



THORINA, in Chemiftry. The name of an earth 

 recently difcovered in Sweden by Berzelius. 



This celebrated chemift firft detefted thorina in the 

 GadoUn'ite of Korarvet, and afterwards in the deutojluate of 

 cerium, and the double Jluate of cerium and yttria, both 

 minerals found at Fahlun. 



Thorina may be obtained from the minerals containing 

 protoxyd of cerium and yttria in the following manner. 

 Precipitate the iron by means of the fuccinate of ammonia. 

 Thorina when alone is precipitated by this fait, but this is 

 not the cafe when it is mixed with the other bodies that 

 exift in the fluates of cerium and ytti-ia. After the iron is 

 removed, precipitate the cerium by means of fulphate of 

 potafli. Ammonia now precipitates the thorina mixed with 

 yttria. Diffolve them in muriatic acid. Evaporate the 

 folution to drynefs, and pour boiling water on the refidue, 

 which will diffolve the greateft part of the yttria, but not 

 the whole. Rediffolve the refidue in muriatic or nitric acid, 

 and evaporate till it becomes as exaftly neuiiul as poffible. 

 Then pour water upon it, and boil it for an inftant, the 

 thorina precipitates, and the folution contains a difengaged 

 acid. If we faturate this acid, and boil it a fecond time, an 

 additional portion of thorina is precipitated. 



Thorina when feparated by the filtre has the appearance 

 of a gelatinous femi-tranfparent mafs. When waflied and 

 dried it becomes white, abforbs carbonic acid, and dilTolves 

 with efFervefcence in acids. Though calcined it retains its 

 white colour. After a violent heat it is difficultly foluble 

 in muriatic acid. The folutions in this acid are yellowifh, 

 but become colourlefs when diluted. 



The neutral folutions of thorina have a purely aftringent 

 tafte, which is neither bitter, fweet, faline, nor metallic ; a 

 property in which it agrees with zirconia, and differs from 

 all other earths. 



Thorina is little ioluble in the alkalies or alkaline earths. 



It 



