T R E 



T W E 



the Peninfula. This line of defence (with another about 

 five miles in its rear), ftretched from the Tagus at Alhandra 

 to the fea where the Zigandra falls into it, being a direft 

 line of about twenty-fix miles. The whole of this moft 

 extenfive, varied, and gigantic pofition, was feledled and 

 formed under the duke of Wellington's direftion, with the 

 moft unwearied exertion by thofe able and fcientific en- 

 gineers the late fir Richard Fletcher and colonel Chapman, 

 and with the retreat of the French from before it, may be 

 faid to have commenced the feries of achievements which 

 finally ended in the triumphs of the Britifh army in the 

 heart of France. 



TORRINGTON, 1. i, after Connefticut, add— in the 

 county of Litchfield, containing 1586 inhabitants. 



TORSK. See Gadus Brofme. 



TORTURE. Attheclofe, add— Torture was aboliflicd 

 in Sweden by order of the king in 1786; in Poland, in 

 1776; in France by editl, Aug. 16, 1780; in Spain, Aug. 

 1814; and in Auflria, in 1776. 



TOURACO. See Cuculus and Op^thus. 



TOWIACHES, 1. I, infert— (fee Panis) ; 1. 5, after 

 miles, add — N. lat. 35° 20'. W. long. 97°. 



TOWNSEND, "1. I, add— in the county of Middlefex, 

 containing 1246 inhabitants. 



TOWNSHIP, Upper, Middle, and Lower, three town- 

 fhips of Capemay county, in New Jerfey ; the firft having 

 1664, the fecond 1106, and the third 862 inhabitants. 



TRACHYMENE, in Botany, from t^k^^l,-, rough, and 

 luLxt, (as we prefume,) a membrane, alluding to the rough- 

 uefs of the covering of the feeds. — Rudge Tr. of Linn. 

 Soc. V. 10. 300. — Clafs and order, Pentandria D'lgynia. Nat. 

 Ord. Umhellata. 



Eff. Ch. Umbel fimple. Involucrum of many leaves. 

 Perianth a flight border. Petals acute, ftraight, undivided. 

 Fruit nearly orbicular, comprefTed, muricated. 



1 . T. Inc'ifa. Smooth Trachymene, or Botany-bay Car- 

 rot. Rudge as above, t. 21. f. 2 Stem nearly naked, 



fmooth. Umbels terminal. — Sent, many years fince, under 

 the above Englifli name, from Port Jackfon, by Dr. White. 

 We have heard that the root is eatable, and like a carrot. 

 The herb is fmooth, two or three feet high. Stem round, 

 (lender, alternately branched, each of the long, terminal, 

 naked, fimple branches bearing a denfe, fimple umbel, 

 fcarcely an inch broad, of numerous, white or reddifli, 

 uniform, equal Jloivers. Leaves of the involucrum awl- 

 iliaped, {horter than the umbel, combined at the bafe. 

 Fruit fomewhat heart-fliaped, broader than long, muricated 

 nil over, when quite ripe, with crowded, blunt tubercles. 

 One y^f^ is often abortive. The leaves are chiefly radical, 

 flalked, fmooth, ternate, with wedge-lhaped, three-cleft, 

 notched fegments. 



2. T. pilofa. Hairy Trachymene. — Stem leafy, hairy, as 

 well as the leaves and footftalks. Umbels lateral. — Gathered 

 by Mr. Menzies, at King George's Sound, on the weft 

 coaft of New Holland. Whole herb rough with fhort 

 (liaggy hairs. Umbels on ftout ilalks, from the forks or 

 Gdes of the Jlem. Tubercles of the fruit acute, briftle- 

 pointed. See Fischeua. 



TRAETH Cocii, for Redwharf r. Redvvaetii. 



TRELLECH,orTRELLE(K. Add— In 181 1 the town 

 contained 23 lioufes, and 121 perfons ; vfz,. 58 males, and 

 63 females. The parifli of this name, in the upper divifion 

 of Ragland hundred, confifts of the parifh divifion, the town 

 divifion, and the Grange divifion : the former contained 131 

 houfes, and 568 perfons ; 275 being males, and 293 females : 

 and the latter included 20 houfes, and 134 perfons; 74 

 being males, and 60 females. 



Vol. XXXIX. 



TRENTON, 1.6, /•. 3000. 



TREVETHIN, a populous parifh of the county of 

 Monmouth, in the upper divifion of Abergavenny hundred, 

 which, including Pont-y-pool, contained, in 1 8 1 1 , 466 houfes, 

 and 2423 perfons ; i>;z. 121 1 males, and 1212 females: 123 

 families being employed in agriculture, and 280 in trade, 

 manufafturcs, or handicraft. 



TRICHECUS— RosMARus, V. Jonftone. 



TRIDACTYLUS, a fpecies of Bradypus; which fee. 

 See alfo S loath. 



TSCHUTSKI. See Chukstskija. 



TURCOMANIA. Add— See Armenians. 



TURNER, 1. 2, add — and county of Oxford, having 

 1 1 29 inhabitants. 



TURNSTILE, in Fortification, a kind of barrier, which 

 confifts of two or three pieces of timber, formed crolfways, 

 and making four or fix rays like tlie fpokes of a wheel ; 

 the frame is put on a poft in the middle of a pafTage to tura 

 horizontally, fo that two of its rays always ftretch acrofs 

 the paftage, and prevent more than one perfon at a time from 

 pafiing the fame way. 



TUSKARAWA, r. Tuscarawa. 



TWEDDELL, John, in Biography, an accomplifhed 

 fcholar, vvhofe early fate has been much lamented by all 

 the lovers of literature and the arts, was the eldeft fon of 

 Francis Tweddell, efq. of Threepwood, in the county of 

 Northumberland, was born on the ift of June 1769; and 

 after pafTmg through the ufual courfe of preparatory edu- 

 cation, was entered at Trinity college, Cambridge, where 

 he dilHnguiflied himfelf by fuch proofs of original genius 

 as are, perhaps, without example, even in the records of 

 that learned iociety. As a candidate for univerfity honours, 

 his " ProUifiones Academics" atteft his fuccefs to have 

 been equally brilliant and extraordinary, and fuperfede the 

 neceffity of particular illuftration, Mr. Tweddell was elefted 

 a fellow of Trinity college in 1792, and foon afterwards 

 entered himfelf a itudent of Lincoln's Inn, where he kept 

 his terms, and continued to refide until the year 1795, 

 when he left England to conmience his travels on the con- 

 tinent of Europe — and met witli that untimely fate which 

 has mixed his afties with thofe of the fages and philofophers 

 of Greece. He vifited Switzerland, Germany, moft parts 

 of the Ruffian empire, and particularly the Crimea, where 

 his intercourfe with profeffor Pallas was of the moft intimate 

 kind, and had fo endeared hun to that amiable Icholar, that 

 the admiration with whlcli he fpoke of him partook of the 

 tendernefs and aifeftion of a father. From the borders of 

 the Euxine, where his refearches were both diligent and 

 produftive, he proceeded to Conftantinople ; and after 

 fpending fome part of the fumraer of 1790 under the hof- 

 pitable roof of Spencer Smith, efq. the Engliili minifter, 

 he took his departure for the Grecian iflands ; and having 

 traverfed the provinces of Macedonia and Theifaly, arrived 

 at Athens ; where, after a relidence of feveral montiis, he 

 reached the period of all his learned labours, on the 25th 

 of July 1799. 



Mr. Tweddell, independent of the advantages which his 

 own merit fecured lor him in the countries which he vifited, 

 poflefied recommendations and facilities of a luperior kind 

 tor conducing his learned purfuits ; and his induftry keep- 

 ing pace with his talents and opportunities, his collections 

 and manufcripts are known to have been extenfive and 

 Angularly valuable. Perhaps no traveller of modern times 

 has enjoyed in an equal degree the means of inveiligating 

 the antiquities of Greece. 



His remains were interred in the beautiful Doric temple 



of Thefeu3 at Athens ; and his grave was funply a fmall 



4 P oblong 



