NATURAL HISTORY. 



'late 



41. Lettered Tournefort's Syft. Botany, Plate VII. 



No. 1 6. Clafs 1 6. Apetahus feminiferous, as in Felix, 

 Lichen, &c. 

 a the feminiferous organs, (thefe 

 having, according to Tournefort, 

 no flowers,) b the fruit, c the feed 

 in. 17. Apetahus, "without apparent fruit, 



as in Fungi, Mufci, &c. 



* * Seaion Trees and Shrubs. 

 f Apetalous {■without petals). 

 Irregular. 

 No. 18. Clafs 18. Apetahus 



42. Lettered Tournefort's Syft. Botany, Plate VIII. 

 No. 19. Clafs 19. Amentaceous, as in Quercus, Pinus, 



&c. 



t Petalled. 

 Irregular. 

 No. 20. Clafs 20. Monopetalous, as in Heydyfarum 



Regular. 



43. Lettered Tournefort's Syft. Botany, Plate IX. 



No. 2 1 . Clafs 2 1 . Rofaceous, as in Rubus. 



22. 22. Papilionaceous, as in Pifum, Colutea, 



&c. 

 Oi/. The importance of the Syftem of Tournefort, 

 the outline of whofe clafTification is here laid down, 

 will be beft underftood by thofe who are aware 

 of the attachment of the French botanifts, even 

 of the lateft times, to the method of this early au- 

 thor : a botanift, whofe labours preceded thofe of 

 Linnsus by nearly half a century. — It has been 

 truly obferved, that Tournefort is to the French 

 in the fcience of botany, the foundation-ftone upon 

 which all their fyftems are eftablifhed. This pre- 

 dileftion in favour of their own fyftems, to the ex- 

 clufion of that the Swedilh naturalift founded upon 

 the fexual organs of plants, may yet have its revo- 

 lution ; but that in the prefent time is more than 

 can be well expefted. As the botanical depart- 

 ment of this Cyclopaedia has been almoft from the 

 commencement allotted to one of the moil able 

 profeffors in the fcience, it is very far from the 

 intention of the writer of the prefent article to enter 

 into the comparative merits of the prevailing 

 fyftems of this time, the Linnian in Britain, 

 under the aufpicesofits many learned advocates, and 

 that of the French, founded on a " natural method" 

 not very diffimilar from that of Tournefort, and 

 as improved by Juffieu and Gsrtner. We only wifh 

 to offer fome apology for the greater number 

 of plates devoted to the fyftem of the celebrated 

 coroUift M. Tournefort than to the fexual fyftem 

 of Linnxus ; the latter being a naturalift whom 

 from adoption we may almoft deem our own, and 

 we muft confefs with all his imperfedions our 

 moft favourite author. 

 The great talents of one of our ableft and moft expe- 

 rienced botanifts at this period, we are well aware 

 have been directed to the advancement of a " natu- 



VoL. XXXIX. 



Plate 



ral method* ;" perhaps even we might be almoft 

 juftified in terming him one of the great fupporters 

 of this method, not in this country alone but 

 throughout Europe : while the labours of Juffieu, 

 Jaume St. Hilaire, and others, have gone far towards 

 the formation of a method conftrufted upon the 

 natural afGnities of plants, and on their fruits and 

 feeds efpecially ; charafters which, with the corol- 

 la, calyx, and other organs of the flower confider- 

 ed generally, it will be perceived had formed the 

 bafis of that fyftem which was laid down by 

 Tournefort. 

 After what we have advanced upon this interefting 

 fubjeft, it might have been thought advifable to 

 appropriate other plates to the elucidation of what 

 is underftood by a natural method ; but that, alas ! 

 would be impoffible. Much remains undone, and 

 it is only by a very long and arduous courfe of 

 refearch and inveftigation that any fyftem of 

 material extent founded on that method is to be 

 expefted. " Hitherto," fays M. de Candolle, 

 one of its moft popular promoters, " we have ar- 

 rived only at the bahs of this fyftem, and not at the 

 refult : it esifts rather in the converfations of 

 botanifts than in their books, and remains yet 

 among the number of thofe opinions which Bacon 

 calls floating." Vide De Candolle de Taxonomie. 

 Under thefe circumftances, the plates appropriated to 

 the illuftration of Tournefort's arrangement of 

 Botany will not be thought devoid of intereft, and 

 may be indeed confidered of material ufe to the 

 early botanift as well as general reader, in unifon 

 with thofe intended for the illuftration of the 

 clafTes and orders of Botany as laid down and ef- 

 tabliflied by the great Linnaeus. 



VEGETABLE ANATOMY. 

 244- Lettered Vegetable Anatomy, Plate I. 



Fig. I — 8. Diflections of the cortex or bark of va- 

 rious plants, of the natural fize and 

 magnified, defigned to (hew the ftruc- 

 ture of the layers of which they are 

 compofed, &c. 



245. Lettered Vegetable Anatomy, Plate II. " 



Difleftions explanatory of the difpofi- 

 tion of the layers which appear inter- 

 nally in the ftems or branches : fig. 

 I, 2, 3. horizontal feflions ; fig. 4, 5. 

 perpendicular fedtions ; fig. 6, 7, 8. 

 fhew the longitudinal difpofition of 

 the veflels upon ftripping off the outer 

 bark or cortex 



Fig. 9 13. Various appearances and difleftions of 



the buds of plants. Fig. 14 — 17. of 

 the flower, &c. 



19. A bulbous root, fliewing the exterior imbri- 

 cations 



18. A horizontal feftion of a bulbous root, (hew. 



* Robert Brown, Efq. who, without rejefting the fexual 

 organs as ufeful auxiharies, regards more particulariy the 

 germination of plants, with the number and form of the 

 Cotyledons, as effentially charaderiftic in a fyftem founded 

 on a natural clafTification. 



B 



