I N D 



ftitutlons that were drawn up during that year, in the fynods 

 or vilitations held by the archbilhops of Canterbury, York, 

 and other prelates, in which canons all the various feds that 

 then fiibrilled in England are pariicularly mentioned. See 

 Wilkins's ConciUa MagnK Britannije et Hibernis, vol. iv. 

 cap. 5. p. 548. 



It IS true, that not long after this period, and more parti- 

 cularly from the year 1642, we find this denomination very 

 frequently in the Englith annals. The Englifli Independ- 

 ents were 10 far from being difpleaied with it, that they af- 

 fumed it publicly in a piece, which they published in their 

 own defence at London, in the year 1644, entitled " Apo- 

 logetical Narration of the Independents." But in procefs 

 of time, in order to avoid the odium of fedition and anarchy 

 charged on this feet, the true and genuine Independents re- 

 nouncfd this title, and called themfelves " Congregational 

 Brethren ;" and their religious aflemblies " congregational 

 churches.'' The lirll independent, or congregational church 

 in England, was fet up in the year 1616, by I^Ir. Jacob, who 

 had adopted the rehgious fentiments of Robinfon. The 

 Independents, though fprung originally from a congregation 

 of Brownifts, were much more commendable than the latter, 

 both in the moderation of their fentiments, and the order of 

 their difcipline. The Brownilts, as we have already men- 

 tioned under that article, allowed all ranks and orders of 

 men promifcuoufly to teach in public, and to perform the 

 other paftoral funftions ; whereas the Independents had, and 

 ftill have, a certain number of minillers, for the moil part 

 regularly educated, chofen refpeftively by the congregations 

 -where tliey are fixed ; nor is any perfon among tliein per- 

 mitted to fpeak in pubhc, before he has fubmitted to a pro- 

 per examination of his capacity and talents, and been ap- 

 proved of by the congregation to which he minillers. Tlie 

 charge alleged againil them by our hillorian Rapin, (Hill. 

 of England, vol. ii. p. 514. fol. ed.) who fays, that they 

 could not fo much as endure ordinary minillers in the 

 church, &c. is, therefore, evidently falfe and gronndlefs. 

 He was led into his millake by confounding the Independ- 

 ents and Brownifts. There are other charges, no lefs un- 

 juftifiable, that have been urged againil the Independents by 

 this celebrated hiftorian, and others of lefs note. Rapin 

 fays, that, with regard to the ftate, they abhorred monarchy, 

 and approved only a republican government. This might 

 have bees true with regard to feveral perfons among the 

 Independents, in common with thofe of other feels ; but it 

 does not appear from any of their public writings that re- 

 publican principles formed the diftinguidung charadleriltic 

 of this feil. On the contrary, in a public memorial drawn 

 up by them in 1647, they declare, that " they do not difap- 

 prove of any form of civil government, but do freely ac- 

 knowledge that a kingly government, bounded by juil and 

 wholefome laws, is both allowed by God, and alio a good 

 accommodation unto men." The Independents, however, 

 have been generally dillinguilhed by the denomination of re- 

 gicides, under a notion tliat they were chargeable with the 

 death of Charles I. Wliethcr this fact be admitted or de- 

 nied, and this is not a place proper for the invelligation of 

 it, no conclufion can be fairly drawn from the greater pre- 

 valence of republican principles, or from violent proceedings 

 at that period, that cas affect the diflinguiiliing tenets and 

 conduct of the Independents in general ; and efpecially of 

 tiic fe6l that bears this denomination in our times. It is 

 certain that our Independents are Heady friends to a limited 

 monarchy. Rapin is farther millaken, when he reprefents 

 the religious principles of the Independents as contrary to 

 thofe of all the reft of the world. It appears from two 



I N D 



confefllons of faith, one compofed by Robinfon, on behal£^ 

 of the Englifh Independents in Holland, and publiflied at 

 Leyden in 1619, entitled " Apologia pro Exulibus Anglis, 

 qui Browniilse vulgo appellantur,'' and another drawn up in 

 London in the year l6jS, by the principal member of this 

 community in England, entitled " A Declaration of the 

 Faith and Order owned and pradlifed by the Congregational 

 Churches in England, agreed upon and confented unto by 

 their Elders and'Mefiengers, in their Meeting at tlie Savoy, 

 Oft. 12, 16^8 ;'' as well as from other writings of the In- 

 dependents, th^t they differed from the reft of the reformed 

 in no iingle point of any confequence, except that of eccle- 

 fiaftical government ; and their religious doftrines were al- 

 moll entirely the fame with thofe that are adopted by the 

 church of Geneva. During the adminiftration of Crom- 

 well the Independents acquired very conhderable reputation 

 and influence ; and he made ufe of them as a check to the 

 ambition of the Prelbyterians, who aimed at a very high de- 

 gree of ecclefiallical power, and who had fucceeded, foort 

 after the elevation of Cromwell, in obtaining a parhamentary 

 eflabliftimcnt of their own cliurch government. But after 

 the reftoration of Charles II. their caufe declined; and ia 

 the year 1 691, under the reign of king William, they en- 

 tered into an affociatiou with the PrePjyterians refiding in 

 and about London, under certain heads of agreement, com- 

 prized in nine articles, th:'.t tended to the maintenance of 

 their refpeclive inftitutions. Thefe may be found in the fe- 

 cond volume of AVhifton"s Memoirs of his Life and Writ» 

 ings ; and the fubllance of them in Mollieim, iibi infra. 



At this time the Independents and Prefl)yterians, called 

 from this aflbciation the United Brethren, were agreed witU 

 regard to doftrines, being generally Calvinifts, and differed 

 only with refpeft to ecclefiallical difciphue. But, at pre-t 

 fent, though the Engliih Independents and Prelbyterians 

 form two diilinft parties of Proteftant diflenters, they are 

 diftingnifaed by very trifling differences with regard to 

 church government ; and the denominations are more arbi- 

 trarily ufed to comprehend thofe who differ ia theological 

 opinions. The Independents are generally more attached to 

 the tenets dillinguifhed by the term orthodoxy or calvinifm, 

 than the Prelbyterians. 



Independentifm is peculiar to Great Britain, the United 

 States of America, where it was carried firil in 162c, an4 

 by fucceffive Puritan emigrants in 1629 and 1633, from 

 England, and the United Provinces. One Morel, in the 

 lixteenth century, endeavoured to introduce it into France;. 

 but it was condemned at the fynod of Rochel, where Beza 

 prefided ; and again at the fynod of Rochel, in 164+. 



On the fubjeft of this article, fee Moflieim's Eccl. Hift, 

 by Madeane, vol. v. p. 398, &:c. 8vo. Neal's Hift. of th^ 

 Puritans, vol, ii. p. 107, &:c. vol. iii. p. 547, &c. vol. iv, 

 p. 187, &c. Burnet's Hilt, of his Own Times, vol. i. 

 p. 46, &c. 



INDERGEREE, in Geography, a river on the N. E, 

 coatl of Sumatr.i, which runs into the fea. S. lat. 0° 33', 

 E. long. 103 ■ 20'. 



INDERGUR, a town of Hindooftan, in G.izsrat; 

 15 miles E of Damaiin. 



INDERMAY Poi.nt, a cape on the N. coaft.of Java. 

 S. lat. 6° 12'. E. long. 108' 18'. 



INDERSKAIA, a town of Ruffia, on the rirer Ural s 

 72 miles N. of Gurev. 



INDERSOUL, a town of Hindoo.lan, in Baglanai 

 12 miles E. of Bshbclgong. . 



INDER-TAUPL'ITZ, a town of the duchy of Stiria, 



on tlie Enns; 14 miles W. of Rottenman. ., 



INDERVA, 



