I N D 



commodity in the Uralm, as woad is {Ifatls iinfforia), that 

 the high price of foreign woad may be brouglit down." 



I. tlncloria. Dyer's IndiTo, is a native of the Eaft and Weft 

 Indies, Madagafcar, Ceylon, /ava, S:c. Its Hem is fuffru- 

 ticofe. Leaves pinnate, ovate. Bunches of (lowers fliort. 

 • — Loureiro fays it is cultivated all over the vaft empires of 

 China and Cochin-china. It is figured under the name of 

 Ameri in the Hortus Malaharicus, v. i. loi. t. 54. 



ISDIGOFERA. See SOPIIORA. 



INDIKKOOD, in Geography, a town of Grand Bucha- 

 ria ; 60 miles W. of Balk. N. lat. 36 38'. E. long. 64° 

 10'. 



INDION, a town of Pe^fia, in the province of Chorafan, 

 neai; the Masjan ; 210 miles N.N.E. of Herat. 



INDIRECT Modes of Sylhg}f„!s, in Logic, are the 

 five lad modes, or moods, of tlie tirlt figure, expreiTed by the 

 barbarous words harallpton, celantes, dalttis, fefpame,frefijhm. 



It is the coiiverfion of the concliifion which renders the 

 moods indirect : for inllance, a fyllogifm in darii, and an- 

 other in dabitis, would be perfedily alike, were it not for 

 that converlion ; the propofitions having the fame quantity, 

 and the fame quahty, and the middle term being the fubjcft 

 in the major, and the attribute ia the minor, in both. It re- 

 mains, then, that, to make a dillinftion, that which is the 

 fubjeft of the conclafion in darii, be the attribute in the con- 

 clulion of dabitis ; and that which is the attribute in the firft, 

 the fubjeft in the laft. See Syllogism. 



DA- Every thing that promotes falvation is advantageous : 



RI- There are afflictions which promote falvation : 



I. Therefore there are afflictions which are advanta- 



geoi's. 

 DA- Every thing that promotes falvation is advantageous : 

 lil- There are afflictions which promote falvation ; 

 TIS. Therefore fome things promoting falvation are af- 



Indiuect Conf.rmjl'ion. See Confirmatiox. 



INDISCERNIBLES. in the Phllofophy of Lahmlz. 

 Sie Leibnitzi AN- Phllofophy. 



INDIVIDUAL, Individuum, in Logic, a particular be- 

 ing of any fpecies ; or that which cannot be divided into two 

 or more beings, equal or alike. 



The ufual divifion in logic is made into genera or genufcs, 

 thofe genera into fpecies, and thofe fpecies into individuals. 

 See Genus, Specie.s, and Division. 



The fchoolmen make a four-fold diftinftion of individuals ; 

 viz. ■ 



IxniviDUUM Vagum, that which, though ij; fignifies but 

 one thing, yet may be any of that kind ; as when we fay a 

 man, a certain perfon, or one faid fo and lo ; tliough but one 

 perfon is meant, yet that perfon, for aught that appears to 

 the contrary, may be any body. 



IxDiVlDrUM Determjnatum is, when the thing is named 

 and determined ; as Alexander, the river Nile, &c. this is 

 alfo called indfcidmimfgnatum- 



I>;DIviDLU>f Demonjhativum is, when fome demonftrative 

 pronoun is ufed in the exprrffi ;. ; as, //•/'/ man, that ivomau. 



IXDlVIDUUM ex Hypolheft, or by fuppofition, when an 

 univerf .: name or term is rellrained, by the fuppofition, to a 

 particular thing : as when we fay, the fon of fuch a one, and 

 it be known that he had but one fon. 



INDIVI.SIBLES, in G.omHry, thofe indefinitely fmall 

 elements, or principles, into which any body or figure may be 

 ultima:- !y refolvd, 



A line is faid to confift of points, a furface of parallel 

 linff?, and a folid of parallel and fimilar ftirfaces ; and becaufe 

 each of thofe elements is fuppofed iiidivifible, if in any f.gure 



Vol. XIX. 



I N D 



a line be drawn through the elements perpendicularly, the 

 number of points in that line will be the fume as the number 

 of tlie elements. 



\\hence it appears, tiiat a parallelogram, prifm, or cy- 

 linder, IS refolvable into elements, as indivifible, all equal to 

 each other, parallel, and like to the bafe ; and a triangle into 

 lines parallel to the bafe, but decrealing in arithmetical pro- 

 portion ; fo alfo are the circles which conllitute tiie para, 

 bolic conoid, and thofe which conftitute the plane of a circle, 

 or the furface of an ifofceles cone. 



A cylinder may be refolved into cylindrical curve furfaces, 

 having all the fame heigiit, and continually decreafing in- 

 wards, as the circles of the bafe do, on which they infill. 

 This way of confidering magnitudes, is called the method of 

 indivifibles, which is only the ancient method of exhauftions, 

 a little difguifed and contratted. 



It is found of good ufe in ftjortcning mathematical de- 

 m:inftrations ; of which we may give an inllance in that fa- 

 mous propoiltion of Archimedes, that a fpliere is two-thirds 

 of a cyhnder circumfcribing it. 



Suppole a cylinder, an hemifphere, and an inverted cone 

 (P//;/.'VIII. Geometry, fig. 102 ' to have the fame bafe and 

 altitude, and to be cut by infinite planes all parallel to the 

 bafe, of which d g is one ; it is plain, the fquare oi d h will 

 every where be equal to the fquare of i r (the radius of the 

 fpliere) the fquare h e = e h fquare ; and, confequently, 

 fince the circles are to one anotht-r as the; fquai-es of the radii, 

 all the circles of the hemifphere will be equal to all thofe 

 of the cylinder, deducting thence all thofe of the cone ; 

 wherefore the cyhnder, deducting the cone, is equal to the 

 hemifphere ; but it is known, that the cone is one-third of 

 the cyhnder, and confequently the fphere mutt be two-thirds 

 of it. 



Cavalleri was the firll perfon who introdviced this method 

 of indivifibles into one of his works, entitled " Geometria 

 Indivifibilium," printed in 163 J ; which he alfo made ufe of 

 in another trad publilhed in 1647. 



INDIVISO — Pro Indivi.so. See Pro. 



INDIVISUM FoLitJM. See Leaf. 



INDO-SCYTHIA, in ylncient Geography, a diftria of 

 India, that lay on the wefteni {\ie of the river Indus, ex- 

 tending as far as the river Coa';, or Cow river, and at pre- 

 fcnt inhabited in part by thofe who are probably defcend- 

 ants of the Scythian Nomades, and called Nomurdy. 



INDOCTORUM Parliamentu.m. See Pakliamen- 



TUM. 



INDORE, in Geography, a to«Ti of Hindooftan, in the 

 Malwa country, and refidence of a Mahratta chief ; 290 

 miles S.S.W. of Agra. N. lat. 22 56'. E. long. -6 1 1'. 



INDORSEMENT, any thing written on the back of a 

 deed or inllrument. See Endorsing. 



A condition written en tiie back of an obligation is 

 commonly called an indorfement : fiom in, and dor/iim, 

 back. ■' 



Indorsement of a Bill of Exchange. See Endorse- 

 ment. 



INDOS, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in Ben- 

 gal; 16 miles E.N.E. of BiiTunpour. N. lat. 23- 10'. 

 £. long. 87 53'. 



INDOUR, a town of Hindooftan, in Tellingana ; 15 

 miles NAV. of Indelavoy. 



INDRA, in Mythology, is deemed, among the Pagan 

 Eail Indians, the firll ol tlie demi-gods ; and fecms gene- 

 rally to rank in importance next to the three chief deities 

 that form the Hindoo Trimurti. (Sec Trimurti.) The 

 liillory of this firll of their Jii minoret might be extended 

 througli fevcral volumes ; and, indeed, inchiding the fables 

 K (.oinicctcd 



