I N F 



Indus are comprehended between N. lat. 23' 20' and 

 24' 40'. 



INDUSTRY, Frulis of. See Fruits. 



INEADA, in Geography, a town of European Turkey, 

 in Romania ; 56 miles E.N.E. of Adrianople. 



INEQUALITY of Natural Days. See Equation. 



In'equahty, optica!. See Optical. 



INERT J\f;etable Matter, in Agriculture, is a term lately- 

 given to that fort of vegetable matter which, by long and 

 frequent cxpofure, has been fo faturated and combined with 

 the oxygen or pure air of the atmofphere, as to be rendered 

 in a great degree infoluble. The furface of peat mofifes, 

 and the mould of fuch foils as have been much expofed to 

 the aftion of pure air, by fallowing, are fuppofed to be 

 rendered inert in this way by the author of the " Conneftion 

 of Chemiftry with Agriculture." See Peat. 



INERTIiE Vi^. See Vis Inertia. 



INESCUTCHEON, in Heraldry, a fmall efcutcheon 

 borne in a larger one, as part of fome other coat. See 

 Escutcheon. 



GuiUim confines the name to an efcutcheon borne fingle 

 in the fefs point or centre. 



This is alfo fometimes called an efcutcheon of pretence. 



He who marries an heirefs, bears her coat of arms on an 

 iiiefcutcheon, or efcutcheon of pretence, in the middle of his 

 own coat. 



Modern heralds apply the name inefcutcheon to thofe 

 "fmall efcutcheons, feveral of which are borne in a large 

 one. 



INESERRHA, in Geography, a town of Africa, in 

 Sennaar ; 10 miles E. of Gieffien. 



IN ESSE is applied to things which are aftually cx- 

 ifting. 



Authors make a difference "between the thing in effi, and 

 a thing in pojf- A thing that is not, but may be, they 

 lay, is in pojfe, or potentia ; but a thing apparent and 

 vifible, they lay, is in cjfe, that is, it has a real being eo 

 inflanti; whereas the other is cafual, and at beft but a pof- 

 fibility. 



INEVERAM, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 the circar of Rajamundry ; 33 miles S.E. of Rajamun- 

 dry. 



INFALISTATIO, an ancient punilhment of felons, by 

 throwing them among the rocks and fands, cuHomarily 

 ufed in port-towns. It is the opinion of fome writers, that 

 infaliflatus did imply fome capital pimiihments, bv expofing 

 -the malefaftor upon the fands till the next tide carried him 

 a\vay ; of wliich cuftom, it is faid, there is an old tradition. 

 However, the penalty feem« to take its name from the '^qt- 

 mm fikfe, or falejia, wliich fignified not the fands, but the 

 rocks and cliffs adjoining, or impending on the fea-(hore. 

 " Commifit feloniam ob quam fuit fufpenfus, utlaeatus, vel 

 alio modo morti damnatus, &c. vel apud Dover infaliftatus, 

 apiid Southampton fubmerfus, &c." 



INFALLIBLE, from in, taken privatively, andfallo, I 

 J:ceivi-, that which caimot deceive or be deceived. 



Upon this term ftands one of the principal heads of con- 

 troverfy bet.vecn the Reformed and the Catholics ; the 

 -■latter of whom maintain, that the church, alTembled in 

 general cmmcil, is inf dlible ; which the former den)-. 



The Jefuits, in their difputcs with the Jaiifenifts, have 

 exprefsiy zfferted that .Tefus Chrift hath given to all 

 popes whenever they fhaU fpeak e cathedra, the fame 

 inf?.llibi)ity which he had, both in matturs of right and 

 fa6t. 



The principal rcafons alleged for the infallibility, are 

 ilrawn from the prosnifes of Chrilt,. from the 'obfcurity 



I N f 



of the fcriptures, the infufficiency of private judgment, 

 and the necelfity there is of fome infallible judge for the 

 decition of controverfies. 



The infallibility of the pope is a doArine of a late Hand- 

 ing, and has not been entirely acquiefccd in, even in their own 

 communion, and altogether rejected by the Gallican church. 

 See Popery. 



INFAMOUS, derived from in, andfiw,7,fame, report, in 

 the ordinary ufe of the word, fignifies fomething notorioufly 

 contrary to virtue, or honour. 



Auliis Gellius ufes the word infimes materias, for what 

 we ordinarily call paradoxes, i. e. difcourfes remote from 

 the common opinion ; propofitions that appear oppofite to 

 truth, &c. as the elogy of Therfites, the praife of a quar- 

 tan ague, &c. 



Infamous, in Laiu, denotes a perfon or thing, which i« 

 of no repute, or eftcera, in the world. 



There are two kinds of infamy : fome perfons being iiT- 

 famons as having been noted by the laws, or ftigmatized by 

 public judgment. 



Infamy, which extends to forgery, perjury, grofs cheats, 

 &c. difables a man to be a witnefs or juror : but a pardon 

 of crimes reftores a perfon's credit to make him a good evi- 

 dence. Judgment of the pillory makes infamy by the com- 

 mon law, but by the civil and canon law, if the caufe for 

 which the perfon was convifted was not infamous, it infers 

 no infamy. 



Others are held infamous, by the exercife of fome fcan- 

 dalous profeflion ; as a catchpole, a merry-andrew, a hang- 

 man, an informer, &c. 



Heretofore there were crowns of infamy given, by way 

 of punilhment, to criminals : they were made of wool. 



INFANCY. See Infant. 



INFANT, in a Lazufenf, a perfon under the age of one- 

 and-twenty years, whofe acts are in many cafes either void 

 or voidable. (See Age ) All gifts, grants, &c. of an infant, 

 which do not take effeft by delivery of his hand, are void ; 

 and if made to take effedt by delivery of his own hand, are 

 voidable by himfelf and his heirs ; and thofe who lliall hare 

 his eftate. 



Although an infant, under 21, can make no deed which 

 is not afterwards voidable ; yet in fome cafes he may bind 

 himfelf apprentice by deed indented, or indentures for feven 

 years (Hat. 5 Eliz. c. 4. 43 Eliz. c. 2. Cro. Car. 179)'; 

 and he may by deed or will appoint 3 guardian to his chil- 

 dren, if he has any. Stat. 12 Car. II. c. 24. 



By the cuftom of London, an infant, unmarried, and 

 above the age of fourteen, may bind himfelf apprentice to a 

 freeman of London, by indenture, with proper covenant?, 

 which ftiall be binding. 



An infant may bind himfelf to pay for neceflarics, as meat, 

 drink, apparel, phyfic, and learning, but not by bond with 

 penalty ; though a bill for neceffaries, without a penalty for 

 the very fum due, it is faid, will bind him. Infants are not 

 obliged to pay for clothes, ujileis it be averred f )r their own 

 wearing : and ttiat they were convenient and netcflary for 

 them to wear according to tiicir degree and ellate. A n infant 

 may buy, but cannot borrow money to b\jy neceflarics ; for 

 the law will not trull him w itli neceffaries, but at the peril of 

 the lender, who mull lay it out for him in necefiaries, or fee 

 it thus laid our. . • 



An infant has been adjudged of age the day before his 

 birth-day ; for tho law will not make a fraft on of a Aw; 

 ■ therefore where a perfon was born the third of Septem- 

 ber, and the fecond of September, twenty-one years after, 

 he inade his will, it was held pood, and that he wati then cf 

 age to dcvifc' his lands. And it is faid fuch will rti^t'l 

 6 



