I N F 



been long exploded, of its fuperior importance in the opera- 

 tions of war. But the glory the Swifs had acquired, having; 

 infpircd tliem witli fuch high ideas of their own prowefs 

 and confequence, as frequently' rendered them mutinous and 

 infolent, the princes who employed them became weary of 

 depending on the caprice of foreign mercenaries, and began 

 to turn their attention towards the improvement of their 

 national infantry. 



The German powers having the command of men, whom 

 nature has endowed witli that lieady courage and perfevering 

 ftrength which form them to be foldiers, foon modelled their 

 troops in fuch a manner, tliat they \ned with the Swifs both 

 in difcipline and valour. 



Tlie French mo!iarclis, though more flowly, and with 

 greater difficulty, accuftomed the impetuous fpirit of their 

 people to fubordination and difcipline ; and were at fuch 

 pains to render their national infantary refpeftable, that as 

 early as the reign of Louis XII. feveral gentlemen of high 

 rank had fo far abandoned their ancient ideas, as to con- 

 defcend to enter into their fervice. 



The Spaniards, whofe fituation made it difficult to em- 

 ploy any other tlian their national troops in the fouthern 

 parts of Italy, which was tiie chief fcene of their operations 

 in that country, not only adopted the Swifs difcipline, but 

 improved upon it, by minghng a proper number of foldiers, 

 armed with heavy mulkets, in their battalions ; and thus 

 formed that famous body of infantry, which, during a cen- 

 tury and a half, was the admiration and terror of all Europe. 

 The Italian ftates gradually diminiflied the number of their 

 cavalry, and in imitation of their more powerful neighbours, 

 brought the ftrength of their armies to confift in foot fol- 

 diers. From this period, the nations of Europe have carried 

 on war with forces more adapted to every fpecies of fervice, 

 more capable of afting in evei7 country, and better fitted 

 both for conquefts, and for preferving them, 



Infaktiiv, Exerctfe. See Exercise. 



IxFAXTuy, Foreign. The foreign infantry in the fervice 

 «f Great Britain, according to the returns dehvered in on 

 the ift of November 1800, confifts of Loyal French Emi- 

 grants, Caftries, Mortemart, Roll and Dillon ; Meuron 

 ditto ; four ditto Dutch, each having a company of artil- 

 lery attached, and one Dutch rifle with a company of 

 pioneers ; Lowenftein's corps, which was not completed, 

 and one corps of foreign invalids. Staff to a foreign hof- 

 pitah There are befides 16 unattached foreign officers who 

 receive full pay, 166 ditto on half pay, 504 aged and 

 wounded ditto, 46 foreign officers widows, 44 children of 

 foreign officers who have died in the king's fervice. There 

 is alfo a fniall corps of ellafettes, which is attached to the 

 waggon train, and confills wholly of foreigners. 



IxFAKTRY, Heavy anm.'!, among the ancients, were fuch 

 as wore a complete fuit of armour, and engaged with broad 

 fliiclds and long fpears. They were the flower and ftrength 

 ef the Grecian armies, and trad the highcft rank of military 

 honour. 



IsFASTRY, Light armed, amongft the ancients, were de- 

 figned for fltirmifhcs, and for fighting at a dillnnce. Their 

 weapons were arrows, darts or flings. 



Infa\t«y, Light, have only been in ufe fince the year 

 1656. They have no camp equipage to carry, and their 

 arms and accoutrements arc much lighter than the common 

 infantry, or battalion men. Wherever there is light cavalry, 

 there Ihou'd be liglit infantry to ail in conmniSion. 



INFARCTION, in Ahdicint, infnraus, i'u^^x^:; of the 

 Greeks, is fynonymous with objlniilion, and congejlicn, and 

 denotes that (late of any organ of the body, which is tumid, 

 with the blood-vcfl'els loaded, and is more efpecially applied 



I N F 



to the tumours produced by a chronic inflammation of the 

 parts. 



Infarction of the Liver. See Hepatitis, and Liver, 

 Chronic Dijeafes of. 



Ikfarctios of the Spleen. See Splenitis and Spleen. 



Infarction of the Mefentery. See Marasmus, and TaeeS 

 Mefenlerica. 



INFATUATE, to prepoffefs any one in favour of feme 

 perfon or thing that does not deferve it, fo far as that he 

 cannot eafily be difabufed. 



The word itfatuate comes from the Latin fatiiut,fool, of 

 fart, to fpcah out ; which is borrowed from the Greek ?a. , 

 whence ?kt!;, which fignifies the fame with -vates in Latin, or 

 prophet in Englifli : and the reafon is, becaufe their prophets 

 or priells ufed to be feized with a kind of madnefs or folly 

 when they began to make their prediftions, or deliver 

 oracles. 



The Romans called thofe perfons infatuated, infatuali, \vlii> 

 fancied they had feen vifions, or imagined the God FauniK, 

 whom they called Fatuus, had appeared to them. 



INFECTION, in Medicine, a word ufed in two accepta- 

 tions : lirft as denoting the efflurium or infedlious maltcr, 

 exhaled from the perfon of one difeafed, and capable uf 

 communicating the difeafe to others who inhale it ; in which 

 fenfe it is fynonymous with contagion : and fecondly, as 

 fignifying the acl of communication of fuch morbid effluvium, 

 by which the difeafe is transferred. The word comes from 

 tlie Latin verb inficio, which properly fignifies to dye of 

 fome other colour, or to caufe fomething to be imbibed. 

 See Contagion. 



INFEODATION of Tithes, in La-w. See Tithes. 



INFERI.^, in Antiquity, facrifices offered to the dii 

 manes, or the fouls of deceafed heroes and illuftrious per- 

 fons ; or even of any relation or perfon whofe memory wa» 

 held in veneration. 



INFERIOR, ftands oppofed to fuperior. 



Inferior Courts of Record, in Englijh La'-M-ivriters, is ufed 

 as a general name for corporation-courts, courts-leet, and 

 flierifFs-torns. See Courts. 



Moft courts are fubordinate to fome other ; but for di- 

 ftiuftion fake the term inferior-court is by fir Matlhcw 

 Hale, and others, applied in the manner here mentioned. 



Inferior Maxilla, Ocean, Planet. See the fubftantives. 



Inferior Penis, in Anatomy, a name given by Spigehus 

 to one of the mufcles of the penis, generally called the ac- 

 celerator by the moderns ; and by Vefahus, and others of kis 

 time, primus penis. 



Inferior Ol/liquus, Serratus, Subfcapularis. See the feve- 

 ral articles. 



Inferioris labii deprejfor, lahii elevator. See Depressor, 

 and Elevator. 



INFERNAL Glass, in Chemi/lry, is a name given to the 

 bolt-head, wlien its ftem is continued downwaid into the 

 body of the glafs vefTel, and left open only by a very fmall 

 orifice. 



Infernal Salt, a name given by Hoffman, and fome other 

 of the chemical writers, to nitre ; they have alfo called it 

 Cerberus chemicus. 



Infernal Stone. See Lapis Infernalis, Caustic, and 

 Crystals of Silver. 



INFERNALS, in Jrtillcry, floating mines coiiftruaed 

 in the bodies of fliips or boats. The firft inventor of them, 

 or at leaft the firft who put them in practice, was Frederick 

 JambeUi, an Italian engineer, at the fiege of Antwerp by the 

 Spaniards under Alexander, prince of Parma, in the year 

 1585. A very particular and interefting relation of their 

 wonderful effefts is given by Strada, in his " Hiftory of the 



Belgi* 



