I N F 



Of this kind there was a great number left by the ancient 

 aftronomers ; hut Hevelius, and fome others of the moderns, 

 have p'-ovided for the greater part of them, by making new 

 •onftella'ions. 



INFORTUNIUM, Homicide f.y. See Homicidk. 



INFRA, Lai. belo-w. See Hvpo. 



INFRACTION, formed from in and the fupine of 

 frango, I break, a rupture or violation of a treaty, law, ordi- 

 nance, or the like. 



INFRALAPSARir, in Ecckfaflkal Hi/lory, the name 

 of a feCt of Predeftinarians, who maintain, that God li.->.s 

 created a certain number of men only to be damned, without 

 allowing thorn the means neceflary to fave themfclves, if they 

 would ; and they are thus called, becaufe -they hold that 

 God's decrees were formed infra lapfinr., after his knowledge 

 «f the fall, and in confequence thereof; in contradiiiinction 

 to the Supralapfarians. 



INFRASCAPULARIS, in jlnatamy, a name of the 

 infrafpinatus mufc'e. See the following article. 



INFRASPINATUS, is a mufcle of the (hoiilder, called 

 by the French fous-epinenx, a!id fous-fcapulo-trochitciien. 

 It is placed at the back of the fhoulder, covering that divi- 

 Con of the dorfum of the fcapula which is below the fpine, 

 and extends from the balls of the fcapula to the great tubercle 

 of the humerus. It is thick, broad, and triangular. 



Its poilerior furface is covered above and on the outfide 

 by the deltoid ; above and within by the trapezius, and be- 

 low by the latiflimus dorfi : in the reil of this furface it is 

 covered by the ikin. A thin aponeurofis, common to this 

 mufcle and the teres minor, immediately invells its pofleriur 

 furface. This aponeurofis is continuous above with thofe 

 of the trapezius and deltoid, it is attached on the infide to 

 the bafis of the fcapula ; is continuous below, with a feptum 

 placed between tlie two teres mufcles and the infrafpinatus ; 

 and is fixed ou the outfide to the poilerior edge of the infe- 

 rior margin of the fcapula. 



Its anterior furface covers the fcapula below the fpine, to 

 the poilerior three-fourths of which it is attached. It is 

 feparated from the anterior fourth of this lower divifion of 

 the fcapu'a by the fuperior and external fcapular vefTels, by 

 the fcapular nerve, and by cellular fubftance. Beyond the 

 fcapula this furface of the mufcle covers the fhoulder joint, 

 to the orbicular ligament of which it is ftrongly connecled. 

 The inner edge is fixed to the bafis of the fcapula, from the 

 fpine almoft to the inferior angle. Its upper edge is attached 

 to the lower furface of the fpine of the fcapula, and to the 

 aponeurofis of the deltoid : the outer portion of this margin 

 is parallel to the inferior edge of the fuprafpinatus. The 

 lower border is oblique from below upwards, and from within 

 outwards. This is united to the teres major by an aponeu- 

 retic feptum, which is loon divided into two layers : one of 

 thefe paiTes between the two teres mufcles, the other be- 

 tween tlie teres m.inor and infrafpinatus. The lower border 

 of the latter is then united to the teres minor through about 

 half its length ; for the reft of their extent they are fepa- 

 rated by a cellular hne. In many fubjeCls the fibres of 

 thefe two mufcles are fo confounded at this part, that they 

 cannot be feparated. 



Tlie fuperior and inferior edges are united at a tnmcated 

 angle, which is large and thick, and attached to the middle 

 of the great tubercle of the humerus. 



The infrafpinatus mufcle is compofed of tendinous and 

 mufcular parts. It is attached to the humerus by a broad 

 and thick tendon, v/hich expands into an aponeurotic plane 

 continued into the fubftance of the mufcle beyond its mid- 

 dle, and nearer to the poilerior than to the anterior furface 

 of the mufcle. The mufcular fibres arife from the dorfum 



I N F 



of the fcapula, from the under furface of its fpine, from 

 the aponeurods of the deltoid, and from tlic aponeurolic 

 feptum, whicli feparates this from the two teres mufcles. 

 They join the common tendon, which they accompany 

 nearly to the humerus, purfuing, however, very different 

 directionj. The fuperior fibres proceed nearly horizontally 

 from within outwards : all the others are oblique from 

 witliin outwards, and from below upwards, and their obH- 

 quity increafes as they are placed lower down. Thofe 

 fibres, which arife from the aponeurofis of the deltoid, and 

 from the lower furface of the fpine of the fcapula, defccnd 

 (lightly, and terminate on the poilerior furface of the ten- 

 don, on which they are extended almoll to its attachment to 

 the humerus. 



The motions wliich this mufcle can produce in the hu- 

 merus, differ according to the pofition of that bone. ^Vhen 

 the arm is hanging by the fide, the humerus will be moved 

 on Us axis, fo as to be turned from before outwards 

 a!id backwards. If the humerus has been previoufly ele- 

 vated, the infrafpinatus will carry it backwards. When 

 the arm is fixed, this mufcle wil'l draw the fcapula, and 

 through it the trunk alfo, forwards. The ftrength and 

 breadth, of its tendon enable it to fupport the head of the 

 humerus, and to prevent it from being thrown out of the 

 glenoid cavity, when the arm is moved fuddenly forwards. 



INFULA, a name anciently given to one of the ponti- 

 fical ornaments worn on the head. Feftus tells us that the 

 infulx were filaments or fringes of wool, covering that part 

 of the head where the hair grows as far as tite temples, 

 whence, on each fide, hung down two ftrings called tiillt, 

 for binding it, wherewith the ancients ufed to adorn their 

 priefto, their viclims, and even their temples. The infula 

 was the fame tiling to priefts that the diadem was to kings ; 

 ■J'iz. the badge of their dignity and authority. The dif- 

 ference in (hape between the diadem and the infula confifted 

 in tliis, that the diadem was flat and broad, and the infula 

 was -rounded and twilled. 



INFUM.A, or DiKJEScnoFT, in Geography, a town of 

 Africa, in the kingdom of Ante, where the Englifli built a 

 fort in 1691. 



INFUNDIBULA of BirJs. See Anatomy of Birds. 



INFUMDIDULIFORM Fi.ower.s in Boia'„y,?^\s fucn 

 as referable the figure of a funnel ; being broad and ample 

 at top, and contracted into a neck at bottom ; fuch as that 

 of the bear's ear, or auricula-. 



INFUNDIBULUM, a Latin word fignifying ^funnel; 

 whence divers parts in the human body, having a refeiublaiice 

 thereto in (hape, are called by the fame name. 



Hence alfo certain parts of plants are called infur.dibuli' 

 fornus. 



The word infundibulura is alfo ufed by the metallurgic 

 writers to fignify a velfel of a conic fhape, ufed to pour a 

 melted metal out of the crucible into. 



iNft'NuiBULir.M, in ylnaiomy, a fmall procefs in the brain, 

 See Bn.UN-. 



INFUSION, in Pkarma.y. an operation whereby the 

 virtues of plants, roots, and the like are drawn out by" 

 letting them lleep in fome convenient fluid meaftruum 

 without boiling them therein ; fmce boiling is found to 

 dilTipate the finer parts of many bitter and aromatic fub. 

 fiances, without carefully Cktra£tiiig their medicinal prin- 

 ciple.-i. 



Infiifion is ufed in bodies of a lax texture, whofe parts 

 are fo light as not to admit of a gieatcr motion without ha- 

 •/ard of flying awar in vapour. 



Its chief ulV is to communicate the virtues of bodi-s t* 

 P J liquori, 



