I N N 



to die penalty cf los. Sec. by i Jac. cap. 9. i Car. cap. 4. 

 t\ Jac. cap. 7. 



Inns. Oar colleges of municipal or common law pro- 

 feflbrs and Undents, are called inns : tlie old Englifli word 

 for houfes of noblemen, bilhops, and others of extraordinary 

 note, being of the fame fignincation witli tlie French word 

 iolel. 



Inks of Court are fo called, as fome think, bccaafe the 

 ftudents there are to fcrve and attend tlie conrts of judi- 

 cature ; or elfe, becaufe anciently thefc colleges received 

 none but the fons of noblemen, and better fort of gentle- 

 men, who were there to be qualified to fcrve the king in his 

 court ; as Fortefcue affirms. And in his time he fays, there 

 were about two tlioufand ftudents in the inns of court and 

 chancery, all of whom were Jilii nobilium, or gentlemen born. 

 Biit this cuftom has gradually fallen into difufe ; fo that in 

 the reign of queen Elizabeth, fir Edward Coke does not 

 reckon above a thoufand ftudents, and the number at pre- 

 fent is very confiderably lefs ; for which judge Blackllone 

 afligns the following reafons : i . Becaufe the inns of chan- 

 cery beiug now almoft totally filled by the inferior branches 

 of the profeflion, are neither commodious nor proper for 

 the refort of gentlemen of any rank or figure ; fo that there 

 are very rarely any young ftudents entered at the inns of 

 chancery. 2. Becaufe in the inns of court all forts of re- 

 gimen and academical fuperintendence, either with regard 

 to morals or ftudies, are found impracticable, and therefore 

 entirely neglefted. Laftly, becaufe perfons of birth and 

 fortune, after having finiflied their ufual conrfes at the uni- 

 verfities, have feldom leifure or refolution fufficient to enter 

 upon a new fcheme of ftudy at a new place of inftruclion ; 

 wherefore few gentlemen now refort to the inns of court, 

 but fuch for whom the knowledge of practice is abfqlutcly 

 necelTary in fuch as are intended for the profeflion. Comni. 

 bosk i. p. 25. 



Our inns of court, juftly famed for the produftion of men 

 of learning in the law, are governed by mafters, principals, 

 binchers, rtewards, and other officers ; and have public halls 

 for exercifcs, readings, &c. which the ftudents are obliged 

 to attend, and perform for a certain number of years, before 

 they can be admitted to plead at the bar. Thcfe focietics 

 hnve not, however, any judicial authority over their mem- 

 bers ; but inftead of this they have certain orders among 

 tiemfelves, which have by confent the force of laws. For 

 Dghter offences perfons are only excommoned, or put out of 

 ■commons ; for greater, they lofe their chambers, and are 

 expelled the colltge ; and when once expelled out of one 

 fociety, they are never received by any of the others. The 

 gentlemen in thefe focicties may be di\'ided into benchers, 

 «uter-barrifters, inner-barrifters, and iladents. 



The four principal inns of court, are the Inner Temple, 

 and Middle Temple, heretofore the dwellir.g of the Knights 

 Templars, purrhafed by fome profefibrs of the common law 

 about three liuridi-cd years ago ; Lincoln's Inn and Gray's 

 Inn, anciently belonging to the earls of Lincoln and Gray. 

 The other inns are the two Serjeants Inns 



Inns of Chancery were probably fo called, becaufe an- 

 cienfly kihabited by fuch clerks as chiefly Ihtdied the forming 

 <jf writs whicli regularly belonged to the curfitors, who are 

 cfficers of chancery. 



The firft of thefe is Thavies Inn, begun in the reign of 

 Edward III. and fince purchafed by the fociety of Lincoln's 

 inn. Befides this we have New Inn, Symond's Inn, Cle- 

 ment's Inn ; ClifFord's Inn, anciently the houfe of lord 

 Clifford ; Staple's Inn, belonging to the merchants of the 

 ftaplc ; Lion's Inn, anciently a common inn with the fign of 

 the lion ; Ffrnival's Inn, and Bernard's Inn. 



Voi- XIX. 



r N N 



Thefe were heretofore preparatory colleges for younger 

 ftudents ; and many were entered Iicre before they were 

 admitted into the iiin^ of court. Now they rn'e moflly taken 

 up by attornies, folicnors. Sec. 



Th.^y all belong to fome of the inns of court, who for- 

 merly ufed to fend yearly fome of their barriflter.s to read to 

 them. 



Inn, or Iniur, in the Mnncge, is applied differently, ac- 



cording as the hurle 



rht or left upon the 



■olts, or as lie works along by a wall, a hedge, or the like. 

 For along or by a wall, the leg that is of a fide with, or next 

 the wall, is the outer, and the other tlie in or inner leg. 

 And if upon volts, the horfe works to the right, the right 

 heel is the inner, and the left the outer heel, and fo of 

 the other parts of the body, furniture, &c. The direft 

 contrary of this will h.appcii, if the horfe works to the 

 left. 



INNATE Air. See Air. 



Innate Force. See Vjs Irjlla. 



Innate Heat. See Heat. 



Innate Ideas, or Principles, are certain primary notes or 

 charaders, by many fuppofed to be ftamped on the mind of 

 man when it firft receives its being, and which it brings into 

 the world with it. 



But the docliine of innate ideas is abundantly confuted by 

 Mr. Locke. See Idea. 



Innate, in Natural Hiftory, particularly in that branch of 

 it which treats of foflll remains or reliquia, is applied to fuch 

 parts of the animal bodies as have been produced independ- 

 ently of any effort of the animal, and are either internal parts, 

 as the bones, which often give the form to extraneous foffds, 

 or external parts, as the fcales and fins of fifh, the horny 

 covering in fome of the amphibia, and the integument which 

 inclofes the whole of the body in inlefts, all of which are 

 fometimcs found in a foffil ftate, as Mr. William Martin ob- 

 ferves in his « Outlines," p. 86. The genera of reliquia 

 which do not depend on innate parts, but on fabricated parts 

 of the animal parts, which are fuperadJed to the body by 

 fome voluntary effort of the animal, are called conchy liolilliu» 

 and erifmatolithus. 



INNER Barrister. Sec Bakrister. 



Inner /'»,'?, is an additional piece of oak timber brought 

 on to the forefide of the main poft upon which the traufonis 

 are let on or feated ; it adds to the fecurity of the planks, as 

 the main poft is feldom fufficient before the rabbit for that 

 purpofe, and greatly ftrengthens the ftern or main poft. 



Inner See, in Geography, a river which rifes about five 

 miles N.W. of Goflar, and runs into the Leine, iii the 

 bifhopricof Hiidedieim. 



IwEvi SaunJ, a ftrait of the North fea, between the ifie 

 of Skye, and the N.W. coaft of Invernefsfliirc, in Scot- 

 land. 



INNERSHON, afmall idandon'the weft fide of the*, 

 gulf of Bothnia. N. lat. 61^ 34'. E. long. 17" 6'. 



INNICHEN, a town of Germany, iu the Tyrolefe 

 fituatcd near the Drave ; anciently called " Aguntum ;" 

 29 miies E. of Brixen. N. lat. 46 41'. E. loiig. 12' 20.. 



INNINGS, lands recovered from the fea, by draining 

 and banking. 



INNITFOUR, in Geography, a town of Bengal ; 48 

 miles N. of Dacca. 



INNO, Ita!. a hymn, or fpiritual fong. 



INNOCENT I. pope, in 7;%;w//.>j', wasa nativeof AI- 

 bano, and was unaniuioufly elefted to the popedom by the 

 clergy and people, on the death of Anallafius in the year 

 402. He obtained from the emperor new and fevcrc lawa 

 i'.gainft the Donatifts, in confequencc of which that feft was 

 >».iij.j .i»^ ...-. J .i..ug. cruelly 



