I N N" 



Went t9 ftiidy at Naples, where he was admitted to the 

 degree of doAor. Having filled, with high reputation, 

 feveral offices in the church, he was raifcd to the purple in 

 1645', and, in 1678, he was eletlod to the popedom. He 

 ■began his high career with abohfliing abufcs, and fupprcfTinw 

 many grofs fnperftitions then prevailing in the church of 

 'Rome. He likewife attempted, by wife inftitutions and 

 judicious regulations, to reform the manm-rs of the clergy, 

 and to ftem the torrent of licentious morals among the laity. 

 In 1677, he fuppreffed " the right of afyliun," enjoyed by 

 foreign minilters at Rome, extending much farther than 

 their palaces, the immunities of wliich it was not deligncd 

 Jto violate. Moll of the ambafiadors from foreign courts 

 readily actjuiefced, but the miniller from the court of France 

 Tefufed to fubmit to it, and the pope, unwilling to enter into 

 a conteft with Lewis XIV., allowed his ambaliador to enjoy 

 •his ancient privileges. He had nov/ a contell vi'ith the 

 ■French king, about the right of difnoling of benefices and 

 church lands claimed by that monarch, and confirmed to 

 .him by an affembly of the clerijy, which nearly terminated 

 in a feparation of the Gallican church from the Roman com- 

 munion. It was on this occafiou that Lewis fummoned the 

 famous alTembly of billiops, which met at Pans in the year 

 1682, and drew up the four celebrated propofitions declar- 

 ing the power of the pope to be merely fpiritual, and inL-rior 

 to that of a general council, and maintaining the inviolability 

 . of the rules, inftitutions, and obfervanccs of the Gallican 

 church. Innocent died in 1689, having prefided over the 

 ..Roman fee twelve years and a half. He was virtuous and 

 pious, but without pretenfions to learning. His zeal for 

 the reformation of abufes, the improvement of morals, and 

 the reftoration of church difcipline, has given him a rank 

 among the bed of the popes. 



Innocent XII., pope, originally named Anthony Pigna- 

 'telli, was defcended from an illuftrious family at Naples, and 

 bom there in the year 16 15, and fucceedcd to the popedom 

 in 1691, as fucceflbr to Alexander the Vlllth. In imita- 

 tion of the example of pope Innocent XI. he applied him- 

 felf to the reformation of the church and court of Rome. 

 He was unwearied in his endeavours to reform the corrupt 

 manners of the clergy, which were not wholly unfiiccefsful, 

 though he found that the entire accomplifhment of the Her- 

 culean ta& was a confummation, which all his prudence and 

 refol-.ition were unable to effect. He was anxioufly devoted 

 to tlie interells of the poor, and the wealth which many of 

 his predecefTbrs had been accuflomed to accumulate, or to 

 beftow 0:1 worthlefs relatives, he devoted to the public be- 

 nefit, employing it in the ereftion of hofpitals^ and other 

 ufefnl inftitutions, and particularly in the improvement of the 

 ports of Anzio and Nettuno. Innocent died in the year 

 1 700, at the advanced age of eighty-five, after prefiding over 

 the church about nine years. He had rendered himfelf uni- 

 verfally refpedled by his talents, and beloved on account of 

 his many virtues. 



Innocent XIII , pope, formerly named Michael-Angelo 

 Cbnti, fon of Charles Conti, duke of Poll, was born at Rome 

 in the year 1655. He rufe fuccccffively to the highell 

 offices in the diurch, till at length he was clefted fucceffor 

 to Clement XI , in the papal dignity, in the year 1721. 

 He died in 1724, leaving behind him a charafter for great 

 wifdom, virtue, and learning. When a cardinal he diilin- 

 guifhed himfelf above molt of the members of the facred 

 college ; but the infirmities to which he had been fome years 

 fubject, prevented him from diilinguidiing his pontificate by 

 any actions which are worthy of being recorded. As autho- 

 rities for the foregoing articles, fee Bower's Hilt, of the 

 Popes; Moreri, Gibbon, &c. 



I N O 



INNOCENTS Day, the name of a fcaft celebrated on 

 tlie twenty-eighth day of December, in commemoration of 

 the infants murdered by Herod. 



Heretofore it was the cultom to have dances in the 

 churches on this day, wherein were perfons, who rcprefented 

 bifliops, by way of dcrifion, as fome fuggelt, of the cpifco- 

 pal dignity ; though others, with more probability, fuppofe 

 it done in honoiu- of the innocence of childhood. See 

 Htnacorvs piierortim. 



By a canon of the council of Cognac, held in 1260, thefe 

 were exprefsly forbidden ; but they were not wholly fup. 

 prefied, at leall in France, before the year 1444, when the 

 doftors of the Sorbonnc addreffed a fpirited letter on this 

 fubject to all the bilhops of the kingdom. 



INNOMINATA Arteria, \\, yinaiowy, the firft large 

 trunk fent off from the arch of the aorta. See Artery. 

 JssoMiSATAglarutuln, the lachrymal gland. See Eye. 

 INNOMINATl, 67/ Irwominati, y/nonymi, perfons who 

 have no name.^, a title by which the academifts of Parma 

 diltinguifli themfelves. 



Moll cities in Italy have an academy, and each has its 

 proper name. Thus thofe at Parma entitle tliemfelves Gli 

 innominati, as if it was their charader to have no name 

 at all. 



INNOMINATUM, O.s, in Jmlomy, the large bone 

 compofing the chief part of the fides of the pelvis, and re- 

 ceiving the articulation of the lower extremity. Sec 

 Extremities. 



INNOVATION, in Laiv. See Nov.vtion. 

 INNUENDO, oi innuo, I nod, or beckon, is a word fre- 

 quently ufed in writs, declarations, and pleadings, to afcer- 

 tain a perfon or thing which was named, but left doubtful, 

 before ; as, he [innueiiflo the plaintiff) did fo and fi) ; men- 

 tion being before made of another perfon. In common ob- 

 fervation or writing, an innuendo deriotes an oblique hint, or 

 dillant reference; in contradiftinttion to a direct and pofitive 

 charge. 



INNY, in Geography, the name of two rivers in Ireland; 

 one which rifes in the county of Wellineath, and having 

 paffed through Loughs Derveragh and Iron, forms a bound- 

 ary between this county and Longford, for feveral miles, 

 after which it croffes the fouthern part of the latter, and 

 flows into Lough Ree, an rxpanfe of the Shannon ; the 

 other is a mountain dream in the barony of Iveragh, Kerry, 

 which empties itfelf into Ballin Skelig's b?y. 



INOCARPUS, in Botany, from ir, '"r, a fibre, or nerve, 

 and zzj^or, afru'il, becaufe the drupa of this genus is com- 

 pofed of fibres or nerves. Schrcb. 297. Foriter. Gen. jj. 

 Linn. Siippl. :5y. Thunb. Nov. Gen. 45. Wilid. Sp. Pi. v. 2. 

 624. Mart. Mill. Diet. v. 2. .Iu(r. IJ2. Lamarck Dic't. 

 V. 3 253. Illuftr. t. 362. Clafs and order, Dccanelr'm Mono- 

 gyma. Nat. Ord. Dumop, Linn. Sapot^, Jufl, 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth of one leaf (campanulate, ac- 

 cording to Thunberg) in two, roundifh, nearly equal feg- 

 mcnts. Cor. of one petal, tubular; tube cyhndrical, longer 

 than the calyx ; limb longer than the tube, divided into 

 five, linear, acute, undulated, often reflexed fegmcnts. 

 Slam. Filaments ten, very Ihort, infertcd into the tube ; 

 the lower ones alternate ; anthers ovate, twin, erefl. P[l!. 

 (iermen oblong, hairy, fuperior ; ftyle none ; lligma a hol- 

 low point. Pcric. Dnipa ovate, incurved, comprcffed, 

 large, fingle-fecdcd. Satl. A nut compofed of woody 

 fibres ; kernel oval, comprefTed. 



Efl". Ch. Calyx bifid. Corolla funnel-fhaped. Stamens 

 in a double row. Drupa fingle-fccdtd. 



I. I. eilulis. Wiild. Sp. PI. v. 2. 624. (Gvijanus ; RumpL. 

 Aoiboin. v. i. 170. t.6j.) Anaiiveof the Society, Friendl;> 



an J 



