I N Q_ 



ine awaj the mean terms in each rank, you conclude the 

 firll 2 ill the firft rank to be to the laft, 9 ; as 8, the firil 

 of the other rank, to the laft, 36. 



INORGANIC, in Natural H'ljhry, or unorganized bo- 

 dies, are mineral fiibftances which are not organized or cpn- 

 ilrufted as anin-.als and vegetables capable of hfe are ; fuch 

 are alfo called native fofllls, to diftinguifli them from organic 

 remains or reliquia. Martin's " Outlines," p. i. 



INOSARCION, a name given by the old Greek and 

 Roman authors to a peculiar fpeeies of emerald, called alio 

 I by fome the Chalcedonian emerald. The great diltinClion 

 i of this from all the other kinds of this gem, was its not 

 I being of the pure, clear, and unvarying colours of the 

 I others, but having thick veins in it, which gave peculiar re- 

 j fraftions and reflettions to the light ; and though the ftonc 

 I was in itfelf wholly green, yet when viewed in fide lights, 

 thefe veins gave all thofe changeable colours that orna- 

 I ment the feathers of a peacock's tail, or the neck of a 

 , pigeon. 



INOSCULATION- See As.\stoma.sis and Artery. 

 INOWLOCZ, in Gejgraphy, a town of the duchy of 

 Waifaw ; 56 miles S.E. of Lenczicz. 



INOWLOCZAW, or JuNGENLESLAw, a town of the 

 duchy of Wai-faw ; 26 miles W. of Wladillaw. 



INOWSAL, a fmall idand near the northern coaft of 

 the ifland of Borneo. N. lat. 5~ 45'. E. l»iig. 117^ 27'. 



IN PACE, a I..atin term, ufed among monks, to fignify 

 a prifon, where fuch of them are fhut up as have com.mitted 

 any grievous fault. 



Formerly there ufcd to be a great deal of ceremony at 

 the putting a religious in pcce ; but now it is not much re- 

 garded. Such as are fliut up in perpetual imprifonment, 

 are alfo faid to be in pace. 



Sometimes, alfo, the words requ'ufcat in pcce are ufed by 

 way of allulion to a cuftom in the Romifh church, or pray- 

 ing that the foul of the defunCl may reft in peace. 



The fame words are alfo frequently feen at the bottom of 

 epitaphs, in Leu of thofe ufed by the ancient Romans, 

 S. T. T. L. ;. e. " Sit tibi terra levis. Light lie the earth ;" 

 or, " Sit humus cineri non onerofa tuo." 

 IN PALE. See Pale. 



INPROMPTU, or Impromptu, a Latin word frequent- 

 ly ufcd among the French, and fometimes in Englifh, to 

 fignify a piece made off-hand, or extempore, without any 

 previous meditation, by the mere force and vivacity of inia- 

 gination. 



INQUEST, or Enquest. See Enquest, Arrest, 



JlRV. 



IstifE-sT 5/" Office. See Office. 



INQUIRENDO, an authority given a perfon or per- 

 fons, to inquire into fomething for the king's advantage. 



Ikquikexdo Idtota. See Idiota. 



INQUIRENDUM, Ad. See Ad Inquirendu.v. 



In-quiuendim, Melius. See Melius, &c. 



IXQUISrnO Pojt Monem. See Inq:,cjl of OrriCE. 



INQUISITION, in the Civil and Canon La'u<, a 

 manner of proceeding for the difcovery^ of fume crime by 

 the fole office of the judge, in the way of fearch or exami- 

 nation. 



IsQuisiTloN is alfo ufed, in Common Lazv, for alike 

 procefs in the king's behalf, for difcovery of lands, profits, 

 and the like. In which fenfe it is alfo confounded with 

 Office ; which fee. 



I.VQUisiTio.N-, or the Holy Office, denotes an ecclefiaftical 

 jnrifdiftion eftabliihed in Spain, Portugal, Italy, &c. for 

 the trial and examination of fuch pcrfons as are fufpedled to 



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entertain any religious opinions contrary to thofe profefTed in 

 the church of Rome. 



It is called inquifition, becaufe the judges by tlieir office 

 take cognizance of crimes on common report, without 

 any legal evidence, except what they themfelves are able to 

 explore. 



Some people fancy they fee the original of the inquifition, 

 in a conftitution made by pope Lucius, at the council of 

 Verona, in 11 84, where he orders the bilhops to get informa- 

 tion, either by themfelves, or by their cominilTaries, of all 

 fuch perfons as were fafpecled of herefy ; and diftinguifliei 

 tlie feveral degrees of fufpefted, convided, penitent, relapfed, 

 &c. However this be, it is generally allowed, that pope 

 Innocent III. laid the firft foundation of the Holy Office ; 

 and that the Vaudois, and Albigenfes were the firft objefls 

 of it. That pontiff, in the beginning of the thirteenth cen- 

 tury, fent Rainier, a Cifteician monk, and Pierre de Caftel- 

 nau, archdeacon of Maguelonne, to the counuy of Thou- 

 loufe, or Narbonne Gaul, in order to blow up a fpirit of 

 zeal and perfecution againft the prelates and princes. Thefe 

 miffionaries were foon follo\ved by others, among whom was 

 the famous Spaniard, Dominic, founder of the order of 

 Preachers, who returning from Rome in the year I2c6, fell 

 in with tliefe delegates, embarked in their caufe, and la- 

 boured, both by his exhortations and conduft, in the extirpa- 

 tion of herefy. Thefe fpiritual champions \vere to give an 

 account to the pope of the number of heretics in thofe parts, 

 and of the behaviour of the princes and perfons in authority 

 to them ; and thence they acquired the name of inquifitors : 

 but thefe original inquifitors had not any court, or any au- 

 thority, they were only a kind of fpiritual fpies, who were 

 to make report of their difcoveries to the pope, and to ex- 

 cite the Catholic princes and people to extirpate heretics. 



It has been generally faid, that the tribunal of the inqui- 

 fition was the invention of St. Dominic, and firft erefted by 

 him in the city of Thouloufe ; that, confequently, he was 

 the firft inquihtor ; and that, altliough the year of its infti- 

 tution is uncertain, it was undoubtedly confirmed, in a folemn 

 manner, by Innocent III. in the council of the Lateran, in 

 the year 121^. See Limborch's Hift. of the Inquifition, 

 by Chandler, book i. chap. 10. 



This account is contefted by Moflieim, who m.aintain*, 

 that St. Dominic was not appointed by the Roman pontiff to 

 proceed judicially againft heretics, and fuch as were fufpeft- 

 ed of herefy, to pronounce fentence according to thek- 

 refpeflive cafes, and to deliver over to the fccular arm 

 fuch as perfifted obftinateiy in their errors, and there- 

 fore, in this fenfe, was no inquifitor ; though, according to 

 the original meaning of the term, he was inverted with the 

 commiffion and authority of the Roman pontiff to extirpate 

 herefy, and oppofe its abettors, but without any judicial 

 power : nay, it is farther urged, that the court of inquifi- 

 tion was not erefted during the life of St. Dominic. The 

 horrid war, which was excited by Innocent III againft the 

 Albigenfes in Narbonne Gaul, and which was carried on by 

 the crofs-bearers with the utmoft cruelty from the year 1200 

 to 1229, when a treaty of peace took place between Ray- 

 mond Vm. earl of Thouloufe, and Lewis VIII. king of 

 France, which gave a mortal blow to the caufe of herely, 

 prepared the way for the full eftablilhmcnt of the inquifi- 

 tion. 



Inquifitors of the firft kind had, in the courfe of this time, 

 been placed in almoft erery city, whofe inhabitants had the 

 misfortune to befufpe£led of herefy, notwithftanding the re- 

 luftance which the people manifeftcd to this new inititution, 

 and the violence with which they frequently expelled and 

 U 2 fomctii^ies 



