INSECTS. 



into the fiibftnnoe of the leaf, and thence burrow under tumour. Thcfe infe3:s are capable of being dellroyed in thf 



the inlegument till they meet one another ; and this being fame manner as the cocci tribe. 



done all over the leaf, they leave it, and go to work upon Tiie fifth, or cicada, belongs to the fame order as above, 



another. and the larvi of many of this tribe void large quantities of 



Insects, Vegetable D'lfeafes of. All fuch vegetable frothy matter upon the leaves and branches of the plant* 



afFedions or difeafes as are produced by different forts of and trees, in the midil of which they are aluays concealed,, 



animals of the infeft kind, are very numerous accord- probably for protection, and to be (haded from the fame- 



Jng to their nature and thofe of the plants : but the chief influence. Thcfe infecls (hould be deftroyed, as the froth 



lulcds that affedt plants of the fruit-tree kinds, are thofe 

 of the aphis, acarus, ant, chermes, cicada, coccus, earwig, 

 papilio, phalxna, and thrips tribes. 



And of the firft fort there are a vafl number of fpecios, each 

 tree being faid to be infelled by a different diftinA fpecies. 

 Hence the author of the " Syllema Vegetabilium" has de- 



is unpleafant, and the leaves of the trees are often devoured, 

 by rubbing off the l.irvx with the hand, and afterwai-ds wa- 

 tering the trees well with foft water, fuch as that of ponds- 

 or ether expofcd fituations. 



The fixth, or coccus, alfo belongs to the far:;e order, and 

 the males have wings, but the females none. It may be 



nommated them from the trees on which they are found ; as noticed, that the forts mod commonly met with when full 

 the cherry aphis, the currant aphis, the plum aphis, &c. grown, h.ave fomewhat tlie form of a' boat with the keel 

 "n'he males are few in comparifon with the females, and have uppermolt:, being apparently without feet, eyes, &c. while- 

 wings, while the latter are numerous and without ti;jm. See in this ilate refembling fome forts of galls or excrefcenccs of 

 PucEROx, and Vine-frettkk. the bark of trees or other plants 



The fecond is a highly dellruftive infeft in houfes where It has been obfervcd by Mr. Forfyth, that a " thin film, of 



forcing is praftifed. It is not furni(hed with wings, but a white cotton-like fubftance, is interpofed between the flat 



the female is o\-iparous. The fpecies, as in the former cafe, part of the body and the tree. This is common, in a arcatev 



are very numei-ous. It often commits great mifchief on or lelTer quantity, to all the fpecies, and appears at ilrfl all 



vines, peaches, neftarines, cherries, forced kidney-beans, me- round the edge as a kind of cement, to join it to the tree. 



Ions, &c. See Red Spider. The males are very few in proportion to the females, ar:d 



And the third, or ant, is highly injurious to fruits, efpe- not nearly one-fom-th of th.eir lize ; they are beautiful'little 



pecially thofe of the peach kind, as they become in a ftate flies, wliich, after a fliort but aftive life, terminate their 



of maturity. Tliey run all over the trees, and the beft fruit exillence without having tailed food, being provided with 



is occafionally filled with them. It has been fuppofed by no fort of organs for that purpofe." 



fome that they are of ufe by devouring the alphides on the It is likewife remarked, " that the peach, nectarine, and 



trees; but Mr. Forfyth is of a different opinion, and we pear-tree, are very much infeiled with thefe infefts : they 



have feen fruit much fpoiled by them in various inltances. frequently cut through the bark, and the trees then appear 



cording to the 

 3und alouff the 



as if they had been fcratched by cats." He has " feenforae 

 with this appearance all over them."' 



It is advifed, that, " when thefe infefts firft appear on the 

 bark, they fliould be fcraped off with a wooden knife, and 

 the flem and branches of the tree well waflied with foap-fuda 



d urine, applied with a ftifl' painter's brafh. This (hoidd 



The beft method of deftroying them, 

 above author, is, by making holes in the j^ 

 fide of the wall where the fruit-trees are, by an iron crow, 

 fo tkat the infide furface may be quite fmooth. Thcfe in- 

 fefts, from being difturbed, foon come to the holes, and fall 

 into them ; when, bci:ig prevented from getting up by the 



fmoothnefs of the fides, they may be readily deilroyed by be done in February before the buds begin to come ou'. 



pouring water upon tliem. But more effectual methods are. But if the outer bark is perforated, it muft be cut or fcraped 



either by mixing quick-lime with foot, and placing it on off with a long knife; and if you find a!iy brown fpots in 'the 



their tracks, or putting it in their nells, ar.d then pouring inner bark, they mull be carefully cut out. This difeafe is 



water, or urine and foap-fuds, upon it, fo as to flack it, con- it is fuppofed, one great caufe of the canker, and of the 



fining the heat by a turf or fome earth. The heat thus death of the tree.'' 



produced foon deftroys them. The powder of ftavefacre. And it is added, that "when this difeafe has made its 



laid round the ftems of the trees, is faid to prevent their way through both barks, as is often the cafe, the branches 



running upon them and tliereby becoming injurious. on each fide of the tree may be cut clofe to the Item, if it 



The fourth, or chermes, belongs to the order hemiptera ; has an upright one ; but if the tree be trained fan-faftiion 



and there are feveral fpecies. Their fpecific names are the beft way is to head it near to the place where it was 



taken from the different plants on which they are gene- grafted.'' He ftatcs, that he has " headed old pear-trees 



lally met with: as the chermes graminis, or grafs bug; which were fo dead, except a fmall ftrip of live bark on one 



chermes ficus, or tig-tree bug, &c. The lail is one of the fide, that you might rub the bark off them as eaiily as off a 



largeft of the genus, being brown above and greenifii be- bundle of faggot-flicks that had been cut upwards of a year • 



neath, and has four long wings, placed in the form of an yet thefe trees have ihot out frefh branches to the length of 



acute roof. The larva is of an oblong fjrm, and has fix Seventeen feet in two years, and produced fine fruit the 



feet, but its motion is (low. When attempted to be caught, fecond year." It is advifed to apply the compofition im- 



the chermes makes its efcape rather by leaping than flying, mediately after heading or cutting, or paring off the difcafed 



by means of its hinder legs, which play like Iprings. Se- bark. See Composijios. 



veral of the fpecies are provided at the extremity of their It is further remarked, that « a very deftruftive fijecies 

 bodies with fmall (harp-pointed implements, but whicli lie of the coccus tribe has done incredible damage to the apple- 

 concealed ; and thefe they draw out in order to depofit their trees in the nurfcries and gardens in the neri'libourhood of 

 «gg,s> by making punftures in the plants that fuit them. London. Some nurferymen have loft feveral tlioufand apple- 

 It is in this way that the lir-tree chermes produces that trees in one year. Thefe infecls attach themfelves to their 

 enormous fcaly protuberance which is fometimes found at bark by their fuckers, and by feeding on the juices of the 

 the fummit of the branches, and which is formed by the tree, rob it of its nourifliment. Such trees as are infefted 

 <extravafation of the juices occafioned by the punfturcs. with them have a fickly appearance. Thcfe infecls .Generally 

 Tie young larvs fhclter themfelves in cells contained in the make their nefts where branches have been cut off, or in 



hollow 



