I N S 



Jes, occurs in Matth. xvi. 19. xviii. iS. If ttic au- 

 ity here referred to was given to the apoftles without 

 •• ,r\e, it is maniieft, that, as often as they appeared as 

 ; hers of the gofpel, they were attended by a conllant 

 1 ' iration, and of courfe when they committed the precepts 

 I., iiriftianity to writing ; or elfe, we miiil have recoiirfe 

 ' -' hypothefis, that the Deity permitted errors to intrude 

 elves into the morahty of the gofpels : this is highly 

 - -obable; but w'nichfoever hypothecs we adopt, we (hall 

 cunie to this conclufion, that the moral precepts, which are 

 contained in the writings of the apoftles, are for us com- 

 mands of the Deity. Moreover, the promifes which were 

 given by Chrift in the night preceding his death, of the 

 continual airillance of the Holy Gholl, deferve particular 

 attention ; more efpecially as they are recorded in the 

 gofpel of St. John (ch. xiv. 16, 17. xv. 26, 27. xvi. 7 — u.), 

 who wrote wiiH a particular view to fupport the authority 

 of the apoftles againft the Gnoftics. Bcfides, the apoftles 

 alTert their ov%'n infpiration. Thus St. Paul does, Gal. i. 

 11,12. iCor. xi. 23. iCor. ii. ij. xiv. 37, 38 ; and i Pet. 

 i. 1 2. As to thofe books of the New Teftament, which were 

 written by the aCiftants of the apoftles, viz. the gofpels of 

 St. Mark and of St. Luke, and the Ads of the Apoftles, 

 Michaelis hefitates in admitting their infpiration. See Makk 

 and Like. 



Among the heathens, the priefts and prieftefTes were faid 

 to be divinely infpired, when they gare oracles. 



The poets alfo laid claim to it ; and to this end they al- 

 ways invoked Apollo and the mufes at the beginning of 

 any great work. 



INSPISSATING, in Pharmacy, an operation whereby 

 a liquor is brought to a thicker conliftence, by evaporating 

 the thinner parts. 



Thus, juices, as that of liquorice, are infpiffated. 



INSPRUCK, in Geography, a town of Germany, and 

 capital of the Tyrolefe, fituated on the Inn. The fuburbs 

 without the walls are large, and occupied by palaces, 

 churches, and coavents. This town is the refidence of the 

 fupreme reprefentative and aulic chamber, ivf the revifion- 

 judicatory of the counties of the Lower and Upper Auftria, 

 and alfo of the regency or lords-juftices. In the middle 

 of the Francifcan church is a mngnificent monument, on the 

 top of v.hich is a metal ftatue of Maximilian I. in a kneeling 

 pollure, furrounded by four others reprefenting the Virtues ; 

 and in white marble are exhibited the exploits of that em- 

 peror. There are fome other coftly curiofities in this place. 

 The gymnafium of the Jefuits was converted by the em- 

 peror Leopold into an univerfity in 1672, calling it "■ C:e- 

 iareo-Leopoldina ;" and in 174, Maria Th.erefa prefented 

 to it the collection of books, formerly kept at the citadel 

 of Ambras, together with other books out of the imperial 

 Kbrary at Vienna. This town was taken by the French in 

 1805: 28 miles N. of Brixen. N. lat. 47 16'. E. long. 

 11-30'. 



INST.A.LLMENT, a fettling or inflating a perfon in 

 a dignity, as that of a chancellor in one of our univerfilies, 

 &c. 



The word is derived from the Latin hi, and Jlallum, a 

 term ufed for a feat in the church, in the choir, or a feat or 

 bench in a court of juftice, &c. though Voffius is of opinion 

 the word is of German origin. 



Inftailmcnt is chiefly ufed for the induction of a dean, 

 prebendary, or other ecclefiaftical dignitary, into the pof- 

 feffion of his ftall, o proper feat, in the cathedral church to 

 which he belongs. 



This is fometimes alfo called vijlalhit'ion. 



Inftailmcnt is likewifc ulcd lor the ceremony, whereby 



I N S 



the knights of the Garter are pkccd in their rank, in the 

 chapel of St. George, at Windfor ; and on many other like 

 occafions. 



INSTANT, fuch a part of duration, wherein we per- 

 ceive no fuccellion ; or it is that which takes up the tinie of 

 only one idea in our minds. 



I'lie fchoolmcn diftinguifli three kinds of inftants ; a 

 temporary, a natural, and a rational inftant. 



In.st.wt, Temporary, is a part of time immediately pre- 

 ceding another ; thus, the laft inftant of a dav precedes 

 immediately and really the firil inftant of the following 

 day. 



In'.stant, Natural, is what we otlierwife call a priority of 

 iiaturc, which obtains in things that are fubordinattd in aft- 

 ing : as, firft and fecond caufcs ; or caufes and their tffi dls t 

 for the nature of things requires, that if there be a fecond 

 caufe, there muft be a lirft; and that there muft be a caufe^ 

 if there be an effcft. 



Ix.srAxr, Raliotial, is not any real inftant, but a point 

 which the underilanding conceives to have been before fome 

 other inftant, founded on the nature of the things which- 

 occafions it to be conceived. For inftance, as Gcd has 

 made feveral things voluntarily, which he could otherwife 

 have let alone ; there is a reafonable foundation to con- 

 ceive God, fuch as he is in himfelf, before he had made any- 

 of thofe voluntary determinations : but as there was no real 

 inftant when God had not formed any detei-minafion, this 

 iiiftant is called a rational inftant, by way of oppofition tu- 

 an inftant of time. 

 INSTANTANEOUS Actiox.. See Action-. 

 INSTANTER, Trial, in Lam. See Rki'kikvk. 

 _ INSTAURATION, the re-eftabliriiment, or reftaura- 

 tion, of a rehgion, a church, or the like, to its former 

 ftate. 



The word is by fome derived from the old Latin in- 

 Jtaurum, which fignitied the ftock of things neceflary for 

 the tilling and managing of grounds ; as cattle, tools,, har- 

 nefs, &c. The word inftauruin is only of the middle age ;■ 

 but inftauratio is of much greater antiquity, and by fome is 

 derived from injlar, Hhe ; as importing a thing's being 

 brought to its former likenefs or appearance.. 



INSTEP, in the Manege, is that part of the hinder Icir 

 of a horfe that correfponds to the fliank in the fore-le"-, ex- 

 tending from the ham to the paftern joint. 

 ^ INSTERBURG, in Geography, a town of Pru.Tian Li- 

 thuania, containing two churches, aboiit 35.0 houles, ani 

 3000 inhabitants. The principal articles of its- trade are 

 corn and beer ; 44 miles E. of Konigftjcrg. N- lat. J4- 35'. 

 E. long. 22^ 21'. 



INSTINCT, a natural difpofition, or fagacity, where- 

 with animals are endued ; and by virtue whereof they are 

 enabled to provide for themfelves, and know what is o-ood 

 for them, and are determined to preferve and propagate theii 

 fpecics. 



The term injiind, however, has been varioufly explained 

 and diiined. Inftind, according to Dr. Reid, is a natural 

 blind impulfe to certain aftions, without having any end in. 

 view, without dehberation, and very often without any 

 conception of what we do ; and he confiders iiiilinft as one 

 fpecics of the mechanical principles of aclion, the other being 

 habits. An ingi nious writer, of whofe obfervations \se 

 avail ourfelves in the compilation of this article, defines in- 

 ftinct to be a tendency implanted in the minds of animals, 

 when under the influence of certain feelings or fenfitions, 

 to perform fpontancoufly, unerringly, independently of all 

 teaching and experience, and without any determinate view 



to 



