INT 



and from T) jf; to a will be a diminiflied fiftL In like man- 

 ner, from A to D", will be a diniiiiilhed fourth ; and from 

 D to a a fuperfluous fifth. From A to D «,* (D double 

 fharp) will be an extreme fuperfluous fourt!'., and from A to 

 D^' (D double flat) will be an extreme dimini(hed fourth. 

 In like rcasiier from D * * to a will be an extreme di- 

 ■miniihed, and from D ' to rf an extreme fuperfluous fifth. 

 Such intervals are not to be met wit!i in the practice of mu- 

 lic ; but if thedivifiou of the oftavc into 31 parts were once 

 eilabliihed, as it ought for the perfedlion of mufic, fuch. in- 

 tervals as thefe iierc mentioned will neceflarily occur in 

 iJiefcale. Vide Phil. Tranf. N 481. p. 273, 274. See 

 Gen- us. 



This table, among other ufes, will facilitate the examina- 

 tion of any propofed fcale, or interval. Suppofe, for in- 

 .ttance, it were reqiirei to examine fome of Ptolemy's divi- 

 fions of the fourth, as liis diatonic um molle, which he makes 

 ^ + -^ + l^r = •'. Take the logarithm of | from the 

 common tables, and divide it by the logarithm of |.^, the 

 quotient will be 10. 75', which gives the meafure ornumber 

 .of commas, and its parts contained in an interval exprefled 

 by |. Look for the neareft meafure of intervals to 10.75 in 

 the table, it will be found to be 10.39058, which anfwers 

 to the interval of two fen:iitones major, or of the di- 

 miniilied third, as praftitioners call it. But Ptolemy's 

 exceeds this by 0.36, or about -id of a comma. The 

 Dext interval in Ptolemy's divilion is \?, which is a true 

 tone minor. The third is j^i, which will be found to be 

 3.93 commas, that is, a femitone minor and 0.64 of a com- 

 ma, or a femitone minor redundant by near Jdsof a comma. 

 But this is much out of tune. In the common, and in Huy- 

 gens's temperatures, the femitone minor is increafed only by 

 about ith of a comma. Vide Ptolemy's Harmon, p. 92. 

 apud Wallis Opera, torn. v. 



Intervals, Concinnous. Difcords are diftingui(hed into 

 concinnous and incondnmus intervals : the concinnous are fuch 

 as are fit for mufic, next to, and in combination with con- 

 cords ; being neither very agreeable nor difagreeable in 

 themfelves ; but ha^-ing a good effeiSt, as by their oppofition 

 they heighten the more effential principles of plcafiire ; or 

 as by their mixture and combination with them, they j^ re- 

 duce a variety neceflary to our being better pleafcd. See 



COXCINXOUS. 



The other difcords that are never ufed in mufic, are called 

 inconclnnous, 



Interv.\L, Diminl/h:J, is a defeftive interval, or an inter- 

 val which is (hort of its jull quantity by a leflTer femitone. 

 Thus from C l^ to E being a third major, if E be lowered 

 by a femitone minor, we {hsU have E b , and then from C fc] 

 to E b is called a dimini/hrd ih.ird, in Mie language of prac- 

 tical muficians, and occurs frequently in their works. But, 

 flriclly fpeaking, in this cafe, the note E mud be lowered 

 more than a femitone minor. 



Intekval, Harmon'ual, is an interval, or difference of 

 two founds which are agreeable to the ear, whether in con- 

 fonance or fuccelTion. 



Harmonical intervals, therefore, are th; fame with con- 

 -tords ; which fee. 



They are thus called, as being the only cffential ingredients 

 of harmony. 



Intervals, in the New Method of HiifoanJry, denote 

 the wide fpaces, commonly about five f-et, wlucn are left 

 between any two of the double, treble, or quadruple rows. 

 See Husbandry. 



Intervals, in the Military Art, are the fpaces left be- 

 tween each regiment in camp, and likewife between eacli 



I N T 



INTESTATE, a perfon who dipj without making -a 

 will. An \v:\x ahintcP.ato, is a perfon who inherits an eltatc 

 by fome other right tlian that of will or teftament. 



Heretofore,* thofe who died intcftate, were held infamous', 

 and accurfed ; in regard, by the canons of feveral councils, 

 every perfon was enjoined to bequeath a pp.rt of his eftate 

 (and Matthew Paris fays it was at leaft to be a tenth part) 

 to the church, for the' fafety of his foul ; which a perfon 

 who negk'iSted to make a will, and to lc2ve this legacy to the 

 church, was judged to have abandoned. Several councils 

 took on them to command the priefts to folicit dying perforip 

 to be charitable to the church ; and this they did fo earneftly^ 

 that abfolution and tlie viaticum were denied to thofe whom 

 they could not pre.vail on ; fo that they made no difTerencp 

 Iietween thefe inteflales and felf-murderers ; and they were 

 alike denied ChriiUan burial. Du Cange adds, that all 

 who died without abfolution, without receiving the viati- 

 cum, a3id without leaving alms to the church (even though 

 they died fuddenly ), hud their cffefts feized, and confifcated 

 to the ufe of the church, bifliop, &c. See Ad.M!NISTRA- 

 Tou and Testament. 



In the EngUfli law tliere are two kinds of inteflates : the 

 one defacioy which are thofe who make no will at all ; the 

 other dsjare, called alfo quaft inis/tati, which are thofe who 

 make a will ; but fuch an one as is null and void, either from 

 the executors refufing to atl, or from fome other caufe : 

 in v.'bich cafe they are judged to die as inteftate, quajt 

 intcjlatl 



x\nd the 22 & 23 Car. II. c. 10. commonly called the 

 ftatute of diilribution, appoints a diftribution of inteflates' 

 eftates, (except of femes covert, which are left as at com- 

 mon law, flat. 29 Car. II. c. 3. § 25.) after debts and 

 f\jneral expences are paid among the wife and children of the 

 deceafed ; or for want of fuch, among the next of kin, &c. 

 and the a£l of parliament doth immediately upon the death 

 of the inteilate veft an intcreft in the perfons entitled: fo 

 that if any one dies before the diftribution, though within the 

 year, his fhare fiiall go to his executors and adminiltrators ; 

 and not to the furvivors or next of kin to the inteftate. (i Lil. 

 Abr. 487. See Administration.) By this flatute the 

 mother, as well as the father, fucceeJed to all the perfonal 

 effecls of their children who died intcflate, and without 

 wife or ifTue : in exclufion of the other fons and daughters, 

 the brothers and fillers of the deceafed. And fo the law Hill 

 remains with refpeft to the father ; but by llatute i Jac. II. 

 c. 17, if the father is dead, and any of the children die iix- 

 teltate without wife or iffue, in the life-time of the mother, 

 fhe and each of the remaining children, or their repr^renta- 

 tives, fhall divide hiseffedls in equal portions. See Custom 

 of London. 



By the fame ftatute it is enabled, that one-third part of 

 the furplufage of the eftate of any perfon dying inteilate, 

 fhall be dillributed to his \vidow, and the relidue amongft 

 his children by equal portions, or among fuch perfons as 

 legally reprefent his children, in cafe any of them be then 

 dead, excepting fuch child or children (n<it being heir at 

 law) who fhall have any eftate by the fettlementof the intef- 

 tate, or fhall be advanced by the inteftate in his life-time, by 

 portion or portions equal to the fiiare which rnall by fuch dif- 

 tribution be allotted to the other children, and in cafe their 

 portions have not been equal, they fliall be made fo as nearly 

 as pofTible out of the fame furplufage. Cut the heir at law is 

 to have an equal part in the diftribution with the reft of 

 the children, without any confideration of the value of the 

 land which he hath by defcent orotherwife from the inteilate. 

 In cafe there be no children nor legal reprefentatives, one 

 jnoietv of the faid cllate fhall be allotted to tiie widow of 

 Ppz 



