I N V 



l-.^ad, with filver intermixed, have been found. Iron ore has 

 alfo been difcovered, hut not in fufficient quantity to make 

 it ail obje£l of manufafture. 



This county contains many veftiges of antiquity. In 

 various parts are to be feen remains of Druidical temples. 

 At Corymoiiy, in the northern part of the county, is one 

 in which the middle of the circle is occupied by a cairn of 

 Joofe ftones, on the funimit of which is one very large ftone. 

 .Such temples are alfo found in the fouthern parts. Some- 

 times each great Handing Hone is fupported by two other 

 .large ftones buried under ground ; fo that where there is a 

 fiiigle circle above, there is a double one beneath. 



In the parifh of Kilmanavaig is the ruined callle of Inver- 

 lochy. Tljere was, at one time, a thriving borough of the 

 .fame name adjacent to this building, which fonie of the old 

 Seottifh hillorians call the emporium of the well of Scot- 

 land ; but of this borough there are no other indications than 

 xfome pavement in different places, which were probably the 

 ftreets of it. The caftle has furvived the borough, and now 

 ftands alone, a monument of ancient magnificence. It is a 

 .quadrangular building, with round towers at the angles, 

 meafuriiig thirty yards every way within the walls. The 

 towers and ramparts are built of ftone and lime, nine feet 

 thick at the bottom, and eight feet above. It was fur- 

 rounded by a ditch, from thirty to forty feet in breadth, 

 which was fupplied with water from the river. The wiiole 

 building, including the towers, covers about 1600 fqiiare 

 yards ; and within the outfide of the ditch are contained 

 nearly 7000 fquare yards. At the great gate, between the 

 fouth and eaft towers, are fome remains of a draw-bridge. 

 This gate is nine feet wide, and arched to the fame height, 

 with abutments of fourteen feet at each fide. Direftly op- 

 pofite was another gate, of nearly the fame fize, w hich pro- 

 bably was defigned as a water gate. Befides thefe two 

 .principal entries, three of the towers were provided with 

 fally ports ; one from each, well contrived, and clofe to the 

 arrow-holes, which alfo flanked and defended them. There 

 is a tradition that this caftle was once a royal rcfidence ; and 

 ■that the league betwixt Charles the Great of France and 

 Achaius king of the Scots was figned there on the part of 

 -the Seottifh monarch, about the end of the eighth century. 

 Within fight of Inverlochy caftle Rood that of Dund- 

 Jiairdghall, on the fummit of a hill about 400 yards in 

 height. The traces of the building are ftill vifible; and the 

 part now remaining runs round the whole top of the hill, tlie 

 x:ompafs of which is 150 yards. The part of the hall that 

 now remains is no more than from two to four feet high, and 

 is vitrified all round. On the northern banks of the river 

 Xochie are the remains of an ancient caftle, which, before 

 the invention of fire-arms, was certainly a very ftrong place. 

 It ftands on the brink of a frightful precipice, at the bot- 

 tom of wliich the river forces its paflage through rocks, and 

 Jias been fecured on tlie land-fide by a ditch and draw-bridgc. 

 I'he traces of the ditch are ftill vifible. The caftie of Ur- 

 quhart, now fallen to decay, ftands on a rocky promontory, 

 on the weft fide of Loch Nefs, of which it commands a 

 view from one end to the other. The loch wafties the eaft 

 fide of the building, and the other three fides were fortified 

 with a ftrong rampart, a ditch, and a draw-bridge. With- 

 in the walls were accommodations for five or fix hundred 

 men. This caftle was a royal fort, and was granted 

 fcy king James IV. in 1509, witli the ellate and lord- 

 ihip ol Ut-quhart, to the laird of Grant, in whofe family 

 they ftill continue. Along the chain of lochs are three 

 forts, or military ftations, defigned to keep the Highlanders 

 >n fubjeftion, Fort George, Fort Auguftus, and Fort 



I N V 



William. The firft is placed at the eaftern e>rtremity of the 

 lakes, and prevents all entrance up the Moray frith : it is a 

 regular fortification, and covers ten Scottifti acres. Fort 

 Auguftus is fituated in the middle of the chain : it has four 

 baftions, and barracks for the accommodation of four 

 hundred foldiers, with proper lodgings for the officers. On 

 the weft, to check any attempts from that quarter, ftands 

 Fort William, which is of a triangular form, with two 

 baftions : this has fifteen twelve-pounders, feme mortars, 

 and a confiderable armoui-y. It was built during the ufurp- 

 ation of Cromwell, under the direction of general Monk ; 

 and was then more extenfive than at prefent, as it contained 

 two thoufand eff'eCtive troops. 



The remains of old watch-towers, or very fmall fortreffes, 

 are to be feen on the fummits of many of the mountains. 

 In the parifli of Laggan is a rock, upwards of an hundred 

 yards perpendicular height, and of very difficult accefs ; yet 

 on the very fummit are confiderable remains of a fortifica- 

 tion. The area is about 500 feet by 253 ; the wall is up- 

 wards of fifteen feet in thicknefs. In the i^iddle of Coil- 

 More, the great wood on the fouth fide of Loch Erich, is a 

 place called Aift-Merigie, or "the height on which a ftan- 

 dard was wont to be creeled." It appears to have been held 

 facred from the moft remote antiquity, and is faid to be the 

 burial-place of feven kings of the ancient Caledonians. On a 

 moor in Badenoch, are the remains of a fquare encamp- 

 ment ; which has fuggefted the idea that tlie Romans ad- 

 vanced into this mountainous diftricl : in clearing fome ad- 

 jacent ground iome years ago, an urn was found full of 

 alhes ; alfo a Roman tripod. 



In the parifti of Kilmorack, are the ruins of the an- 

 cient priory of Beauly, which was founded in the year 1230, 

 by James Biftet, of Lovat. In the parifti of Petty are two 

 circular earthen mounds; one clofe by the church-yard, the 

 other about 200 yards weft from it. Thefe are evidently ar- 

 tificial, the outfide being fod or turf, inclofing fand or light 

 earth. The tradition concerning them is, that they were 

 plaees for the adminiftration of jaftice, as their name imports, 

 being called Tora-inhe'it, '■ The Court-Hill." In the fame 

 pariih are the ruins of the Callle Stewart, a large old houfe, 

 belonging to the carl of Moray. In the eaftern corner of 

 the county, near the Moray Frith, is CuUoden-Moor, the 

 fcene of the memorable battle which terminated the rebellion 

 in 1-4;. 



The modern buildings of this county worthy of obfervation 

 are but few, and chiefly to be found in the north-eafterii 

 corner- The moft diftinguilhcd refidence in the county is 

 Caftle Grant, the feat of lir James Grant, bart. It is fitu- 

 ated on an eminence in the parifti of Cromdale, on the nortli 

 llde of the Spey : the apartments contain a great variety of 

 portraits and other paintings. 



The iflands of Barray, Bcnbecula, Egg, Harris, St. 

 Kilda, Sky, North and South Uift, which are annexed to, 

 or connedled with, this county, will be found dcfcribed under 

 their refpective names. Beauties of Scotland. 



INVERSE, is applied to a manner of working the rule 

 of three, or proportion, wliich feems to go backward, or 

 contrarily to the order of the common and direcl rule. 



In the rule of three direct, the firft term is to the fecond 

 as the third is to the fourth ; that is, if the fecond be 

 greater than the third, or lefs tlian the firft, in any propor- 

 tion, the fourth is lefs than tke third in the fame propor- 

 tion. But in the inverfe rule the fourth term is as much 

 greater than the third, as tlie fecond is lefs than the firft. 



In the inverfe rule, therefore, the proportion is not as the 

 firft is to the fecond ib is the third to the fourth ; but as the 



fourth 



