1 N 7 



fourtK is to the fu-ft, fo is the fecond to the tnird. For in- 

 ftance, in the direft rule \vc fay, if three yards i>f tapeftry 

 •coft twenty pounds, how much will fix co!l ? The anfwer 

 if, forty. In the inverfe rule we fay, if twenty working 

 •men make ten yards in four days, in how many days will 

 forty d« it ? The anfwerto this, is in two'days. See RuLi; 

 oj Thre:. 



IsYV^RSE Method of F/u.viont. See l^LuxioNS. 

 Inverse Planting. See Planting. 

 Iwp.nsE Proporiion. See PROPORTio.f . 

 INVERSION, the ad whereby any thing is inverted, 

 or tnrr.ed backwards. 



Problems in geometry and arithmetic are often proved by 

 uiverfion : tLy.t is, by a contrary rule, or operation. 



Inversion, in Grammar, is where the words of a phrafe 

 -ere ranged in a manner not fo natural as they might be. For 

 rn inllance : " Of all vices, the moft abominable, and 

 that which L*a(l becomes a man, is impurity." Here is 

 an inverhon ; the natural order being this : impurity is 

 tlie molt abominable of all vices, and that which Icaft be- 

 comes a man. 



An inveriion is not always difagreeable, but fometimcs 

 has a good effeft. 



Inversion, in Mufic, is often applied to the complements 

 or fupplemeiits of intervals to the major eighth or oftave ; 

 thus the ma'jor fixth is the inverfion of the minor third, the 

 -minor fixth the inverfion of the major third, &c. Intervals 

 -which are the inverfion of each other, always have one term 

 of tJicii ratios common to each, and the other terms, are 

 one the double of the other: thus ^ and 5, | and -f, are 

 inverfions of each other. 



Inversion, in RLtoric, is a method of confutation, by 

 which the orator (hews that the reafons offered by the oppofite 

 party make for him. So when Cascilius urged that the pro- 

 vince of accufing Verres ought to be granted to him, and 

 I ot to Cicero, becaufe he had been his treafurer in Sicily, 

 at the time when thofe crimes were committed with which 

 he was charged, and confequently knew moll of that affair ; 

 Cicero turns tlie argument upon him, and fiiews, that for 

 •that very reafon, he was the molt unfit of any man to be 

 intruftcd with his profecution ; fince having been concerned 

 with him in his crimes, he would certainly do a)l in his 

 power to conceul or L'lren them (See Cxcil. c. l8.) Again,, 

 ibmetimes the charge is acknowledged, but the crime fhifted 

 off to another. Thus when Sextius was accufed of fedition, 

 becaufe he had got together a body of gladiators, and 

 brought them into the forum, where a warm engagement 

 "happened between them and Clodius's faftion ; Cicero 

 owns the faft, but charges the crime of fedition upon Clo- 

 dius's party in being the aggrelTurs. (Pao Sext. c. 36 ) 

 Another method made ufe of for the fame purpofe is to 

 alleviate the charge, and take off the force of it by fliew- 

 ing, that the thing was not done with that intention, which 

 the adverfary infinuates. Thu> Cicero in his defence of king 

 Dejotarus (cap 8.) owns that he had raifed fome forces, 

 though not to invade the Roman territories, as had been 

 alleged, but only to defend his own borders, and fend aid 

 to the Roman generals. See Conflt.^tiom. 



Ixv^RsinsV^^f Uterus. See Pnoi..M'.si,s Uteri. 

 INVERTED Arch, in Engineery, is an arch of (tone or 

 \rick, with the crown downwards, turned in the bottoms of 

 the locks of canals, and in the bottoms of tunnels, and of 

 aqueducts and other bridges wlienever tlie bottom is foft or 

 liable to give way or tear up, for fecuriiig the fide walls ; 

 in locks and tunnels, the inverted arcli (hoiild never be omit- 

 ted. See the account of contracting tliefe iu our ariick 

 Canal. 

 Vol. XIX. 



I N V 



Inverted Crefieni, Point. Foil. See the fubftantiv?!. 

 Invkhted, in Natural Hi/lory, is a term applied to fuch 

 rehquia or extraneous fofli'is as have a nucleus of ftony 

 matter inverted or covered by the reliquiura. 



INVERURY, in Geography, an ancient royal borough 

 in Aberdeen fhire, Scotland, is iituated on the point of land 

 formed by the confluence of the rivers Don and Ury. It 

 is faid to have been made a royal borough by king Robc-.t 

 Bruce, on occafion of a viftory obtained by liim, in tliis vi- 

 cinity, over the Englilh forces under Comyn, earlof Buchar. 

 The oldell charter, however, extant, \i one granted by queer, 

 Mary ; the preamble of which Hates, that " Inveriir)- had 

 been a royal borough time immemorial, but the charter of 

 its erection had been loll d«ring the civil wars." The town 

 is fmnll, and its increafe and improvement have been re- 

 tarded by the peculiarity of its fituation ; it being inaccef- 

 fible, excepting one fide, with boats, and even that mode 

 not aKvays prafticable. The fpirited exertions of the earl 

 of Kintore and the provoft. Dr. Thom, have, in a great 

 meafurc, removed this obflacle, by promoting a public !"ub- 

 fcription for building an elegant bridge over the Don, at the 

 expenceof 2000/ : this was completed in 1791. The bo- 

 rough is governed by a provoft, three bailiffs, a dean cf 

 guild, a treafurer, and thirteen counfellors. Tlie return 

 to parliament in the year 1801, ftated the numbefof houfes 

 to be 194, inhabited by 783 perfons, of whom 641 were em- 

 ployed in agriculture. Inverury does not appear ever to have 

 been a place of trade. 



INVESTIGATION properly denotes the fearching or 

 finding any thing out, by the tracts, or prints of the feet. 



Hence, mathematicians, fchoolmen, and grammarians, 

 carr.e to ufe them in their refpeftive refearches. 



Inve<tigation nf a ZVjfmf, is the art, method, or man- 

 ner of finding the themes of verbs, that is, the primitive 

 tenfe, mood, and perfon, of any verb, far removed from its 

 fource. To underlland a Greek author, it is abfolutely ne- 

 ceffary to be well acquainted with the method of invelligat- 

 ing a theme. This theme, in the Greek tongue, is the 

 prefent tenfe of the indicative mood. 



Clenard was the firft who introduced this term into gram- 

 mar : he gives the title in-ve/Iigatio thematis to that part 

 where he teaches the manner of finding whence any perfon, 

 or tenfe, or verb, proceeds, and of reducing it to its primi- 

 tive word, or finding its indicative. 



INVESTING, the aa of conferring on any wie the 

 right or property of a fee, dignity, or office, or of ratifying 

 and confirming what has been obtained elfjwhere. 



The emperors pretend to a right of invcfling feveral 

 princes both in Germany and Italy. There was formerly a 

 particular ceremony for the invefting of bilhops. After 

 the election of a knight of the Garter, he is invetted by the 

 fovereign with two principal cnfigns of the order, the Gar- 

 ter and George. Before Lis inltallation he is alfo invellei 

 with the habit of the order. 



Invi;stixc, in rhe Military ^rl, fignifies tlie opening a 

 fiegc, and the encamping of an army round the place ; to 

 block up its avenues, and prevent all ingrtfs and egrefs. In 

 order to do tliis effeaually, the general in chief of t!ie ap- 

 proaching army mull detach a large body of cavalry, to- 

 gether with the different corps of dragoons, under the com- 

 mand_ of a lieutenant-general, for the purpofe of regu- 

 larly iuvelling the place. Sometimes a place is partially 

 invellcd, for tlie fole purpofe of diverting the eneniyS at- 

 lention from the real objeft, and of inducing him to w^dcca 

 the garrlfon by dctacliing it to different quarters. 



lyvESTKNC, rn Common La'X', Cgnifis* tLe putilng ia 

 S I (lolT aiiKjn 



