I N U 



matic, bitter flavour, and fome acrimony. Thefe qualities 

 render it uleful to promote expeiSoration. 



Horace was acquainted with its fane, for we find it cele- 

 brated by tlut poet in two of the fatires in his fecond 



book. 



rapiila plenus 



Sat. 2. V. 44. 



Atque acidas mavult inuliis 

 And alfo in fat. 8. v. 5 1 . 



Eriicas virides, inulas ego primus amaras 

 Moullravi incoquere. 



2. \ dyfentcr'ua. Common Fleabane. Linn. Sp. PI. 1257. 

 Engl. Bot. t. 1 1 15. Curt. Lond. fafc. 3. t. 56.—" Leaves 

 oblong, clafpi.ig the (lera with their heart-fhaped bafe, 

 downy. Stem woolly, panicled. Calyx-fcales brilUe-fl-.aped, 

 hairy." — Native of clear ditches and moid places, flower, 

 ing in Auguft. — Root creeping and perennial. Siem branch- 

 ed in a panicled or corymbofe manner. Leaves waved and 

 (lightly toothed at their mnrgin ; their under lide denfely 

 clothed with hoary down. Floivers numerous, terminal, of 

 a full bright yellow. The herb is vifcid to the toucli, exhal- 

 ing a peculiai fliarpifh aromatic fcent, not unlike that of a 

 peach. 



Mr. Relhan mentions a variety of this fpecies with very 

 Ihort rays, and Linnxus, in the Flora Suecica, obferves that 

 the Ruffians were cured of the bloody flux by this plant, 

 in their expedition againft the Perfians, whence its fpecific 

 name. 



3. \. pul'tcar'ia. Small Fleabane. Linn. Sp. PI. 1238. 

 Engl. Bot. t. 1 196. Curt. Lond. fafc. 3. t. 57. — " Leaves 

 chifping the ilem, waved. Stem much branched, hairy. 

 Flowers hemifpherical, with a very fhort radius.'' — Found 

 on moift fandy heaths and commons, where water has ftag- 

 oated, and flowering late in autumn — i?oo< annual, tapering 

 and branched. Stem generally eredt, fometimes fpreading or 

 decumbent, zigzag, angular. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, 

 hairy on both fides. Floivers folitary, of a pale dull yellow. 

 There is a variety of this which his fcarcely any flowers of 

 the radius. 



4-. I. critlmioirks. Samphire-leaved Fleabane. Linn Sp. 

 PI. 1240. Engl. Bot. t. 68. — " Leaves linear, flefhy, gene- 

 rally three-pomred. Calyx fmooth." — This is a maritime 

 plant, which tlirives in a muddy ioil, and is rather icarce. 

 It flowers in Auguft. — Root perennial, fibrous. Leaves 

 alternate, fmooth and fuccuient, lalt to the taile, thofe about 

 the centre of the Jhni generally furniflied with a tooth on 

 each- lide of the tip. Flower fslitary, very handfome, 

 having yel'ow rays and an orange dilk. Down rough, blufh- 

 col.'>ured. 



The remaining fpecies are /. oilora, Oculus ChriJIi, br'itan- 

 nica, Ind'tca, arabka, fpirj:ifoHa, japonica, fquarrofa, vifcofa, 

 fiilklaa, grandiflora, glandulofa, buhonium, htrta, fuavcoleits, 

 fai'lan.'ii, mariana, dubia, oriciilalis, germanica, enjlfolia, 

 provincialis, montana, cejluans, bifroiis, cerulea, aromatica, 

 falurejoidet, piiii/o/ia, fmlida. 



Inul.-v, in Gardening, comprehends plants of the herba- 

 ceous and (hrubby kinds ; of which the fpecies principally 

 cultivated are the common inula or elecampane (Lhelenium) ; 

 the creeping-rooted inula (L britannica) ; the willow-leaved 

 inula (L falicina); the canary inula (L canarienfis) ; the 

 favory -leaved inula (L fatureioi<Jes) ; and the Ihrubby 

 inula (L fruticofa. ) 



There are fome other forts that may likewife be culti- 

 Tatcd. 



Method of Culture.— The frft of thtfe fo.ts m?y b.- pro- 

 pagated by feeds fown in autumn, foon aft^-r they ;.re 



I N V 



ripe, on a warm, loamy, rather moift border. The plants 

 fljould be tranfplanted to the places where they are to grow 

 in the following autumn. 



But the common praftice is to increafe it by offsets, 

 which, v/hen taken from the old roots carefully, with a bud 

 or eye to each, take root eafily : the bcft feafon is the au- 

 tumn, as foon as the leaves begin to decay ; planting them in 

 rows about a, foot alundcr, and nine or ten inches dillaiicc 

 in the rows. The following fpring the ground fliould be kept 

 clean from veeds, and be (lightly dug over in the autumn 

 following. The roots will be lit for ufe after two years 

 growth, but will abide many years if permitted to Hand. 



Tiie two following forts may be incrcafed by jiarting the 

 roots, and planting them in the autumn, in the borders or 

 other places where they are to remain. Tliey ftiould not be 

 removed oftener than every three years. 



Tiie fourth and fifth forts may be raifed by planting cut- 

 tings of the branches, in the fummer feafon, in pots of light 

 earth, in fhady borders. They mull be removed into (belter 

 in autumn, but fhiould have as much free air as poflible at all 

 times, when the weather is mild. In cold weather the firll 

 (liould have but very little water, as the ftalks and leaves, 

 being fuccuient, are very apt to rot. In fummer they 

 fhould be placed abroad with other hardy exotic plants, in 

 a flieltered lituation. 



The laft Ibrt is propagated by feeds procured from places 

 where it grows naturally. Thefe murt be fown in pots, or upon 

 a hot-bed, and when the plants are lit to remove, be each put 

 into a fmall pot filled with light earth, and plunged into a 

 frefli hot-bed ; treating them in the fame manner as other 

 fimilar tender plants. It requires to be kept conftantly ia 

 the ftove. 



The firft fort may be cultivated for the medicinal ufe of 

 the roots, or tor ornament, in large borders. 



The two following forts may have places in the fame 

 way. 



The fourth and fifth kinds afford variety among other 

 potted green-houfe plants, and the laft among ftove -plants. 



Inula Heleniim, in the Materia Medlca. See ELECA.^il 



PANE. 



INVOCATION, in Theology, an aft whereby we adore 

 God, and call on him for his allillance. 



The Romanifts alfo prattife invocation of faints, begging 

 them to intercede with God in their behalf. This is one of 

 the grand articles of difpute between the Romanifts and the 

 Reformed. 



Invocation, in Poetry, an addrefs at the beginning of 

 a poem, wherein the poet calls for the alTiftance of fome 

 god, particularly of his Mufe, or the deity of poetry. See 



MUSK.S. 



Tlvis part is abfolutely neceffary in an epic poem, becaufe 

 the poet relates things which he could not he fiippofed to 

 know, unlefs fome deity infpired him. Befides, ihis ferves 

 his readers as an example of piety and devotion, which 

 ought to be the foundation of this whole work. To thefe 

 it may be added, that the gods thetnfeives are to have a part 

 in the adtion ; and it is not decent he Ihould fet them to 

 work, without firil aflcing them leave. 



Indeed, in the courfe of an epic poem, there are ufually 

 feveral invocations ; particularly where any thino extra- 

 ordina. y, or miraculous, comes to be related ; as that when 

 Virgil defcribes the metamorphofis of jEneas's fleet into 

 lea nymphs : but the firft invocation is always the moft eon- 

 fiderable. 



In the invocation Boffu confiders two things : tlie firft is 



what the poet requefts ; the fecond, to what deity he ad-- 



drefTes his rcqueft. As to the firft, Homer has joined the 



S 1 i mvocatioii 



