J O A 



returned from Prufiia in i)4_?, anj was again acTmitted" t<J 

 his profefl'orftiip ot" mathematics at Wittciiiburg ; he after- 

 wards was elected to fill the matliematical chair at Leipfic. 

 He died in 1576, in the fixty-fecond year of liis age, leaving 

 behind liim " Narratiode Li'oris Revolutionum Copernici ;•' 

 iirii puidilhed at Dant/.ic in 1540. He alfo eompofed and 

 pnbhflied " Ephemerides," according to the doctrine of Co* 

 pcmicus, till the year ifjr. Moreri. Hutton. 



Joachim, 5/., in Geography, a town of South America, 

 in the kingdom of Granada, im the Mata ; 240 miles E. of 

 Santa Fe de Bogota. — Alfo, a town of South America, 

 in the province of Moxes ; 1 50 miles N.N.E. of Trinidad. 

 — Alfo, a town of Canada, on the river St. Lawrence. 

 N. lat. 47 j'. W. long. 70' 45'. 



Joachim dt Omaguas, St., a town of South America, 

 in the audience of Quito, on the river Amazons ; 400 miles 

 S. E. of Quito. S. ht. 4 ■ 40'. W. long. 72 ' 50'. 



JOACHIMITES, in Ecclefiajlical H.JIory, the name of 

 a feft, the followers of one Joachim, abbot of Flora, in 

 Calabria, who was ofleemed a prophet while he lived, and 

 left, at his death, ftverai books of prophecies, contained in 

 his Everlafting Gofpel, commonly called the book of Joa- 

 chim, befides other works ; wliich were condemned, in 1 2 15, 

 by the council of Lateran ; and by the council of Arks, in 

 1260. 



One of the fpiritual friars, named Gerhard, belonging 

 to the order of Francifcans, undertook to explain the 

 Everlalling Gofpel of Joachim, in a book publiflied in 



1 2 JO, entitled " The Introduilion to the Everlalling Gof- 

 pel." In this work St. Francis is declared to be the 

 angel mentioned in the Revelation, xiv, 6. who had pro- 

 mu'gated the true and everlalling gofpel of God : it is 

 alfo alTerted, that the gofpel of Clirill was to be abrogated 

 in 1260, and this new gofpel to be publifhed in its room ; 

 and that the miniilers of tliis lignal reformation were to be 

 humble and barefooted friars, dellitute of all worldly emolu- 

 ment. This abfurd book was fupprelfed by order of pope 

 Alexander IV. in 125J, and at length publicly committed 

 to the flames. 



The Joachimites were particularly fond of certain terna- 

 ries : the Father, faid they, operated from the beginning till 

 the com.ing of tiie Sou ; the Son from that time to theirs, 

 T/'z. the year 1260; and the Holy Spirit then took it up, 

 and was to operate in his turn. Hence they divided every 

 thing that related to men, time, doftrine, and manner of 

 living, into three claffes, or ftates, according to the three 

 perfcns in the Trinity ; every one of which Hates either had 

 already, or was hereafter to fucceed in its turn ; and hence 

 they called tlie divifions lernaiies. 



The explication given by Joachim, of the Trinity, in op- 

 pofition to Peter I^ombard, which was confidered by many 

 as differing little from the Arian fyflem, procured the dam- 

 natory fentence of his doctrine by Innocent III. in the 

 council of Lateran ; but notwithtlanding this papal fentence 

 Joachim has Hill a coniiderablc number of adherents and 

 defenders, more efpccially among thofe of the Francifcans, 

 who are called Obfervants, or Friars obfervziit. 



JOACHINLSTHAL, in Geogniphy, ?iiovin of Bohemia, 

 in the circle of Ebibragen, celebrated for its filver mines, 

 which were difcovered in the year 1516, and which yielded 

 from the year 15H6, to the year 1601, 305,790 marks of 

 fdver; 52 miles S.S.E. of Drefden. N. lat. 50' 20'. E. 

 long. 12' 5 J> — Alfo, a town of Brandenburg, in the Ucker 

 Mark; 31 miles N.N.E. of Berhn. N. lat. 53- 5'. E..long. 



13 )j'. 



JO AG, a town of Africa, in the country of K^jaaga ; 

 which .Mr. Park fuppofcs to have contained about 2C00 iii- 

 fe2bit;.i;ts. It i-. furroundcd by a liiij.h wall, iu whith is a 



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tmmber of port holes, from which mulkets may tie fired ir» 

 cafe of an attack ; and every man'.> pofieflion is likewife 

 furrounded by a- wall. To the wcllward of the town is a 

 fmall river, on the banks of which are cultivated confiderabls 

 quantities of tobacco and onions. N. lat. 14' 25'. W. long, 

 9 5^'- 



.lOAL, a town of Airica, in the kingdom of Sin, fituated 

 on the fea-eoail, with a good road and anchorage ; where 

 the French had a factory for flavcs, fliins, ivory, nnd v.ax. 



JOAN I., in Biography, queen of Nuples, eldilt daughter 

 of Charles duke of Calabria, fon of Robert king of Naples, 

 was born about the year 1326. Her father died whiL- (he 

 was very young, and Robert immediately betrollicd her to 

 Andrew, fecond fon of Charles king of Hungary, who was 

 her coufin, and who was then lent to Naples to be educated. 

 On the death jf Robert in 1643, J"^" ^^''^ proclaimed 

 queen. She had already conceived a great averiion from her 

 luiiband, which was increafed by tlie idle tales of licr attend- 

 ants, and was now determined to hold all power in her own 

 hands; but the pope, who was in his intereft, granted a bull 

 for the coronation of Andrew, as king in hi* own right. 

 Joan was fufpedtcd of harbouring an attachment for Lewi.s, 

 prince of Tarento ; and ftie was accufcd of being privy to 

 the murder of Andrew, who was taken off at the in (ligation 

 of the princes of the blood, to prevent, as they thouglit, 

 the kingdom from falling into the hands of the Hungarian?. • 

 The king of Hungary determined to revenge himfelf upon ^ 

 the perpetrators of his brother's afTafrmation, and advanced- 

 with a large army into Naples ; the queen, who had already 

 married the prince of Tarento, fled into Provence, and all 

 Naples fell under the dominion of Lewis the Hungarian 

 monarch. Joan went to Avignon, and was received wilii 

 great refpect by pope Clement VT. and the cardinals, 

 before whom Ihe underwent a formal trial on account of her 

 hufbaiid's death. She pleaded her caufe with eloquence, 

 aad was declared not only innocent, but free from all fuf- 

 picion. With this deciiion tiie king of Hungary feems to 

 have been fatisfied, and immediately returned to his own do- 

 minions. Joan was now invited by the Neapolitan barons 

 to refume her crown ; fhe accordingly fitted out a fleet, and 

 re-entei-ed Naples with general acclamations in ijaS. She 

 was next engaged in a contefl with the king of Hungary, 

 which proved fo much againit her, that fhe was obliged to 

 feek a ceflatiou of arms, which was granted by the king, on 

 the condition that (lie (hould abide the event of another trial 

 before the papal court. Upon the iff.ie of this was to be 

 determined the polfeffion of the kingdom of Naples. Joan 

 now had recourfe to a different kind of defence, and (he 

 pleaded in excufe that (lie svas under the influence of witch- 

 craft at the time, v.hich rendered her averfe from her hul- 

 band, and encouraged others to confpire againft him. This 

 plea ierved her purpofe, and fhe was declared blamelefs of 

 all actions committed fubfequent to the fuppofed fafcination. 

 She was left in the peaceable pofTeffion of her throne, uiid 

 was again crowned, with her hufband Lewis, in the city of 

 Naples. Lewis died in 1362, and in the courfe of a (1:^.' 

 months fhe married James of Arragon, called the Infant of 

 Majorca, whom fhe did not allow to aflume a higher title 

 than duke of Calabria. This prince died in 1375, and in 

 the following year fhe took a fourth hufband, vi^.- Otho, uf 

 the houfe of Brunfwick, an ascomplifhed foldier and haiid- 

 foir.e man, on whom fhe conferred the title of duke of 

 Tarento, wvth a large eftate. Having no children, the one 

 by Andrew b.mg dead, fhe adopted as a fuccellbr her rela- 

 tion Charles de JJuras, whe revolted againll her at the ialh- 

 gation of the king of Hung;ry. She then adopted tor her 

 heir Lewis of France, du.kc of Ar.jo.i, which produced a 

 bloody war. Ciiarlcs, howcve.-, was a uative pniice, and 



