J O A 



being more n^^ceableto the wilhes of the Noopolitans than 

 a foreigner, he tnarchcd to Naplf's, and being joined by the 

 b:'-ons, he found little or no difficulty in geuing poffeffion 

 of th? kingdom. The queen was obliged to capitulate, (he 

 was imprifoncd, and after a few months was put to death. 

 This event occurred in 13S2, in the thirty-ninth year of her 

 reign. She was a woman of threat accomplidiments, and 

 pollened many good quahties, though fuUied by early dif- 

 fohitenefs. She was the friend and patron of men of learn- 

 ing. Univer. Hift. Bayle. 



.To AN of Arc. See Ai;c. 



JoAX, Pop: : a fiiort notice muft be taken of this charac- 

 ter, as being frequently referred to, though it is now gene- 

 rally regarded as merely fiditious. It is faid, that about the 

 n-iddle of tlie ninth century, a woman named Joan, born at 

 Mentz, and who had received an excellent education,^ con- 

 ceiving a \ioknt padion for a young monk named Fulda, 

 refolved to defert her family and friends to afTume the male 

 habit, i'nd gain admittance into the monaftery. The plan 

 fncceeced, and having long indulged in their amours un- 

 difturbed and uiifiifpeaed ; they eloped together, and tra- 

 velled into moft of the countries of Europe, avaihng them- 

 felves of every opportunity for increafing their knowledge, 

 by engaging the afliftance of tlie bcft mailers in the different 

 cities through which they pafTed. On the death of her 

 lover, Jean repaired to Rome, ftill in the drefs of a man ; 

 her addiefs, and engaging manners raifed her into notice ; 

 flie commenced the duties of profefTor, and perfons of the 

 liigheft rank and moil conliderable talents enlilled in the 

 mnmber of her difciples. At length, on the death of pope 

 Leo.X. in 8j5. fhe was unanimoufly elefted his fucceffor to 

 the ponufical throne. So prudently did (lie conduft herfelf, 

 and with fo much ability did (he perform the duties of her 

 llation, that the people had reafon to congratulate themfelves 

 on their choice. At length (he confided her fecret to a 

 domeftic whom Ihe took to her bed, the confequence of 

 which was her pregnancy, and fhe was taken in labour at 

 one of the moft folemn proceiTions, delivered of a child in 

 the ftreet, and died on the fpot. It is likewife faid, that to 

 perpetuate the memory of fuch an extraordmary adventure, 

 a ftatue was ereCled on the place where it happened; that 

 iu abhorrence of the crime, the pope and clergy in their 

 fubfequent annual proceflions from the Vatican to the La- 

 teran have turned off from that ftreet ; and that to prevent a 

 'fimilar impofition, a cuflom v. as introduced of examining each 

 pope previoufly to his confecration, in order to afcertain his 

 fex. Such are the particulars of a ttory that feems not to 

 kav^' been called in queftion till the time of Luther, but 

 which the beft informed hiftorians ufually abandon as ficti- 

 tious. " Till the reformation," fays Gibbon, " the tale 

 •was repeated and believed witiiout offence, and Joan's female 

 ftatue long occupied her place among the popes in the cathe- 

 dral of Sienna. She has been annihilated by two learned 

 Prote.lants, Blondel and Bayle, but their brethren were 

 fcandalized by this equitab.e and generous criticifm. Span- 

 heim and L' Enfant attempted to fave this poor engine of 

 controverfyj and even Mofhcim condefcends to cherifh fome 

 doubt and fufpicion." 



Joan d'Albeut, queen of Navarre, daughter of Henry 

 d'Al-;ert, and Margaret of Valois, was born in 1528. In 

 1548, file married Antony of Bourbon, duke of Vendome, 

 by whom fhe had, as a third fon, the afterwards celebrated 

 Henry IV. of France. At the deceafe of her father, in 

 I J5J, (he became queen of Navarre, and her hufhand took 

 the title of king. Tliey were both favourable to the prin- 

 ciples of the reformation, and would probably have openly 

 profeff.d it had they not feared the refentment of the king 

 of France, but after bis death tJiey declared their converfion 



J O A 



to Calvinifm, of which Joan was ever after the zea'ous pro 

 tedor. An tony, on the other hand, was fickle and weak, 

 renounced his new faith, and uas a principal commander in 

 the civil war againll the Proteilants, in which he loil his life 

 at the iiege of Rouen, in 1562. Joan rot only ellablifhed 

 tlie Proti'ilant religion in her ftates, but abolillied popery, 

 and feized the property of the eccleliallxs, which (lie ap- 

 plied to the maintenance of the reformed clergv and the 

 fcliools. In lj6S, fhe quitted her ftates to join the chiefs 

 of the French Proteftans, and at Cognac had an interview 

 with the prince of Conde, to whom (he prefented her fon, 

 then of the age of fifteen, with her jewels, as devoted to 

 the fervice of the caufe. She next withdrew to Rochelle, 

 whence fhe wrote a pathetic letter to queen E'izabetli of 

 England, defcnbing the calamities and oppreffions which 

 had induced the Proteftants to take up arms. She died iii 

 1572, at Paris, whither file had come to m.ake preparations 

 for the marriage of her fon with the lifter of Char'es IX. 

 Her death was not without fufpicion of poifon, though the 

 fatl was never afcertained. 



JO AN A, in Geography, a town on the north coafl of the 

 ifland of Java, fltualed on a river of the fame name, wliich 

 is the largetl and mofl navigable along this coaft. It is 

 here more than 20 feet deep, and about 200 feet broad. It 

 flows out of a large inland lake, into which fevcral fmall 

 flreams difcharge themfelves, and falls into the fea about four 

 leagues to the weftward of Rembang. The town coniiiU 

 of two rows of houfes built along the river, about a quarter 

 of a Dutch mile in length. The fort of Joana is a redoubt, 

 with four demi-baftions, in vi'hich are the rice warehoufes, 

 the barracks for tlie foldiery, and fome buildings wliich ferve 

 for a kitchen and other offices for the relident. The emolu- 

 ments of this relidency amount to i6,ocxD nx-doUars, or 

 about 3500/. fterling. Tliis town yields rice and timber, a 

 little indigo and cotton. 



JOANNA, Johanna, or Hin^iian, one of the Comora 

 iflands, about 30 miles, long and 15 broad. The Abbe 

 Raynal defcribes this ifland in terms of high commendation. 

 Hills, he fays, that are ever green, and valiics that are al- 

 ways gay, every where prefent a variety of delightful land- 

 fcapes. Thirty thoufand inhabitants, diftnbuted into 73 

 villages, fliare its productions. They fpeak a corrupt dialect 

 of the Arabic language, and their rehgion is a corrupt kind 

 of Mahometanifm : their moral principles are more refined 

 than they ufually are in this part of the ghibe. Accuftomed to 

 the plain diet of milk and vegetables, they are averfe from la- 

 bour. Among perfons of diitinftion, who indulge themfelves 

 in eafe and indolence, the nails of the fingers are fufi'crc-d to 

 grow to an immoderate length, and in order to give this cf- 

 fetl of negligence the appearance of beauty, ihey tiutC 

 their naiU with a yellow red, which they obtain fromafhrub 

 called j^lcaiiim, wiiicli fee. Sir Willliam Jones, who touched 

 at this ifland, in his voyage to India, was much pleated with 

 the beautiful fcenery which its verdant hills and mountains, 

 covered with elegant palms and other trees, prefented to his 

 view. He particularly mentions the town of Matlamudo, 

 diftinguifhcd at a diftance by the tower of the principal 

 mofque, and another fmall town called Baiitani. For an ac- 

 count of his rambles through part of the ifland, and his in- 

 tercourfe with fome of the principal inhabitants, vi'e mull 

 refer to his " Remarks'' on this ifland, in the fecond volume 

 of the Afiatic Refearches Other voyagers who have 

 vifitcd this ifland, fay, that the hiUs are tteep, covered with 

 wood, and difficult of accefs, and that the vallies exhibit a few 

 irregular plantations of cocoa-nuts. The original natives, 

 ftated at about 7000 in number, occupy the hills in the in- 

 terior of the ifland; and they are generally at war with the 

 Arabian interlopers, who have ellablifhed themfelves by cod- 



quelt 



