J O A 



fjueft on tlie fca-coaft, and are faid to be in number about 3000. 

 Thcfe latter are defcribed as poor miferable beings, who, 

 not being able to carry on any cxtenlive cultivation, on 

 account of being cxpofed to tlie depredations of the moun- 

 taineer natives, fubfiil chiefly by I'upplying the Indian (hips 

 which toucli there for refrelbment, with a few cattle and 

 tropical fruits. Of their ability to accommodate ftrangers 

 on Ihore, thoiV who have touched at the ifland fpcak in very 

 degrading terms, as their huts or hovels are tilthy and badly 

 conftructed. The hu:s of the poorer people are formed of 

 twigs, interwoven with and covered by a llrong coat of 

 grafs, and the rouf is protettedby a kind of mat, made of 

 the leaves of the cocoa trees. People of fuperiorrank have 

 houfes built of ilon;-, cemented with tempered clay. The 

 king, as he is called, or chief of the iiland, refides about 

 nine miles from the town of Joanna, which contains about 

 200 houfes, many of which are built of ftor.e and occupied 

 by perfons of principal dilHndlion in the idand : but they 

 are low and incommodious : the palace of the king excepted, 

 which is high and fpaciou^. This chief poflefles an unlimited 

 power over his fubjecls, in all concerns, religious as well as 

 temporal : he feldom vifits the town except on the arrival of 

 European vefTels, when he is accompanied by a numerous 

 equipage, and received with great attention and refpetl by the 

 commanders of the (hips. Every captain finds it his ir.tereft 

 to treat him in this manner, as his permifiicii muft be ob- 

 tained before any traffic can be opened with the inhabitants ; 

 and with this view he receives a fmali prefent of European 

 manufaftures. The principal domellic animals in the iilar.d 

 are cattle, theep, and hogs ; there are feveral fpecies of 

 fowl, and different kinds of game. The fea abounds with 

 a variety of excellent fi(h ; and particularly with a fort of 

 eleftrical fi(h, feven inches long, 2h inches broad, with a 

 long projefting mouth, a head of a dark brown colour, the 

 belly of " fea-green, the fides yellow, and the fins and tail of 

 a faiidy -green ; the body interfperfed with red, green, and 

 white fpots ; the eyes large, and the iris red, having its 

 outer edges tinged with yellow. The fea-coaft is wholly 

 compofed of cora! rocks, which are in many places hollowed 

 by the fea ; and in thofe caviries feveral of the eleftrical 

 fifties were found. See a deicriplion and drawing in the Phil. 

 Tranf. voL Ixxvi. p. 7^2. The natives of the ifland are, in 

 general, tall, robuft, and wcll-m^fde ; the women are inferior 

 to the men ; they have all long black hair, piercing eyes, and 

 colour between olive and black. People of lower rank have no 

 other covering befides a piece of cloth tied round their loins, 

 and on their heads a cap of ar.y fluff which they can pro- 

 cure. ' Thofe of higher rank wear a (hirt with large fleeves, 

 hanging down upon a pair of drawers and covering a ftuff 

 waittcoat ; thofe of Itill higher orders wear turbans ; and 

 they generally have large knives attached to a belt, which 

 paffes round their middle. The women are clothed in a kind 

 of jacket and petticoat, with a loofe robe, and when they 

 go abroad, they cover the face w ith a veil : they are very 

 atteritive to ornaments for their legs, arms, and ears. Their 

 children, both male and female, are fuffcred to be naked 

 till the age of feven or eight years. The inhabitants in 

 general are commended for their fimplicity, obliging dif- 

 pofition, and hnfpitality. Polygamy is allowed; fo tliat 

 each perfon has two or three wives, and as many concubines 

 as he can maintain. S. lat. 12° 13'. E. long. 44° ij'. 



JOAO, ST.,afmall ifland near the coaft of Brazil. S.lat. 

 23'. W. long. 46 26'. 

 .'. JoAO FiifldtJo, a town of Brazil, in the ifland of Marajo ; 

 ao miles S S.W. of Engcnho-real. 



- JoAO </<• Fun/io, St., a town of Portugal, in Eftremadura ; 

 32 miles N.E. of Thomar. 



J O A 



JoAO Je Furtado, St., a town of Brazil, in the government 

 of Para, on the Guanapu ; 75 miles S.W. of Para. 



JoAO Marlino, a fmall ifland in the Indian fea. S. lat 10^ 

 8'. W. long 42' J4'- 



JoAO </c- Monte, St., a town of Portugal, in the province of 

 Be-ra ; 1 2 miles W.S.W. of St. Vifeu. 



.loAO de Nova, a fmall ifland in the channel of Mozam- 

 bique. S.lat. 16^ 58'. E. long. 40 34'. — Alfo, two fmall 

 iflands in the Indian fea. S. lat. 9 30'. E. long. 49 14'. 



Jo.\o de Pcfqticira, St , a town of Portugal, in the province 

 of Bcira, on the Duero ; containing two pari.'h churches, 

 and about 600 inhabitants ; near it is a cataraft: on the Du- 

 ero, which prevents the navigation of this river; 21 miles 

 E.S.E. of Lamego. N. lat. 41' l'. W. long. 7 1'. 



JoAO de Po, St., a town of Portugal, in the province of 

 Beira ; levcn miles N.E. of Braganza Nova. 



JoAO de/ Rey, St. a town of Brazil, in the government- 

 of Menas Geraes ; 80 miles S.W. of Villarica. 



JOAR, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Burfali, 

 furrounded with palifades as a defence from wild beafts ; 1 o 

 miles S of Kower. 



JOARTAM, a town and kingdom of the ifland of Java,, 

 in the N.E. part of the ifland. 



JOARYA, a town of Bengal ; J5 miles S. of Iflamabad. 



JOB, or i/^e Bod of Job, a canonical book of the Old 

 Teilament, containing the narrative of a feries of misfortunes'^ 

 which happened to a man, whofe name was Job, an inhabit- 

 ant of the land of Uz, fuppofed to be that part of Arabia^ 

 Petrasa which is called Idumsea, as a triylof his virtue and 

 patience ; together with the conferences he had with his 

 cruel friends on the fubjeft of his misfo: tunes ; and the man- 

 ner in which he was reftored to eafe and happinefs. This 

 book is filled with thofe noble, bold, and figurative expref- 

 fions, which conftitute the very foul of poetry. 



Many of the Jewifh rabbins pretend that this relation is 

 altogether a fiftion ; others think it a Ample narrative of 

 a matter of fact, jull as it happened ; while a third clafs of 

 critics own the ground-work of the ftory to be true, but 

 that it is wrote in a poetical ftrain, and decorated with pe- 

 culiar circumftances, to render the narration m.ore profitable 

 and entertaining. Others, again, fnppofe that, like fome of 

 our Saviour's parables, it is a fabulous narration defigned to 

 convey important and ufeful fentiments refpefting the fuper- 

 intending providence of God, in a manner more forcible and 

 impreffive than in the form of abflraft rules and precepts. 



See an exprefs differtation on the book of Job, in the 

 bifhop of Glouceller's " Divine Legation of Mofes," vol. ii. 

 The bifhop is of opinion that this book is a dramatic poem 

 written by Ezra, fome time between the return of the Jews 

 from the captivity of Babylon, and their thorough fettle- 

 raent in their own country, and adapted to the circumftances 

 of thefe times, by being made allegorical as well as dramatic : 

 thus, Job, who is fuppofed to have been a real perfon, that 

 lived a generation or two before Mofes, is defigned to per- 

 fonate the Jewifli people ; his three friends the three great 

 enemies of the .lews, Sanballat, T<ibiah, and Gclhem, who 

 upon their return from captivity, vexed i:nd obflrufted them 

 in rebuilding their city and temple ; Job's wife was intended 

 by the poet to reprefent the idolatrous wives which many of 

 the Jews had taken, contrary to the bw, and for which they 

 are reproved by the prophet Nehemiah. 



In order to prove the compofilion of this book to be dra- 

 matic, tl'.e learned bifliop alleges its flyle, which, excepting 

 the introdutlion andconclulion, is in meafnre ; its fentiments, 

 which are delivered not only in verfe but in a kind of poetry, 

 animated by all the fubhmity of figure? and fioridnefs of 

 defcription, whence he concludes the whtle to be a work of 

 imagination ; and the whole form of its compofilion. The 

 2 bifhop'a 



