J O D 



JOBIE, in Geography, an iflaiiJ in the Pacific ocean, at 

 the entrance of a great bay on the coall of New Guinea ; I lo 

 miles long from E.to W., and from 6 to iO broad. S. lat. 

 i" 36' to 3 . E. lone;. 135 s°' ^" '37 3^'- 



JOC ALLA, a town of Peru, in the dioccfe of La Paz ; 

 9 miles N. of Potcfi. 



.TOCHER, CiiR)'TiAN Gottlieb, in Biography, doSor 

 of theology, public profefTor of hillory at Leipllc, and libra- 

 rian to the academy, vvnsborn in that city in 1694. Having 

 received the elements of an excellent education at different 

 fchools, he devoted himfelf to the lludy of theology, and ob^ 

 tained liis degrees at Leipfic. He fooii became a difciple 

 of Leibnitz and Wolf, and was the firll perfon who gave 

 leftures on the fyftem of Wolf. He foon attrafted a r.ume- 

 rous concourfe of pupils, and was mofi; afTiduous in his inftruc- 

 doDS. To render his leclures as ufeful as poiuble, he ihidied 

 inceflantly, fo as to injure his health. In 1720 his fat her 

 died in diilreffed circumllanccs, which obhged the Ion to 

 exert all his powers far his fupport : he became the editor 

 of the German " Aifta Eruditorum," which he conducted 

 with great fpirit till the year 1739. ^'^ ^73° '■'^ ^^'^^ ^?" 

 pointed profeflor of philofophy, then of hillory, and in 

 1742 he obtained the office of librarian to the univerfity. 

 He died in 1758. much efteen-.ed as a man of letters and a 

 good teacher. He pofleffed an extenfive knowledge in the 

 various branches of literature and fcience, and was acquainted 

 ■with the beit writers on the feveral fubje<fts. His principal 

 work was " A Compendious Diftionary of learned Men," 

 arranged alphabetically. This went through four editions 

 in the author's life time, cf which the lafl was extended to 

 four volumes quarto. Tv.-o fupplementary volumes, which 

 go as far as 1, have been fmce publifhed by Adelung, enti- 

 tled " A Continuation of, and Supplement to Jocher's Ge- 

 neral Dictionary of ^earned Men." Gen. Biog. 



JOCKEY, in the management of horfes; the perfon who 

 trims up, and rides about horfes for fa!e. 



JOC KG RIM, in Geography, a town of France, in the 

 department of the Lower Rhin?,' fituated on an eminence 

 near the Rhine ; 9 miles S.E. of Landau. 



JCCKLET, or YocKLET, a term ufed in fome parts of 

 Kent for a little farm which requires but one yoke of oxen 

 to till it. 



JOCKMOCKI, in Geography, a town of Sweden, in the 

 lapmark of Lulea ; 90 miles N.N.W. of Lulea. 



JOCKO, in ZooHgy. See SiMlA Satyrus. 



JOCRONS, in Geography, a town of HindooRan, in 

 Myfore ; 20 miles N.N.E. of Chitteldroog. 



JODELLE, Stephen, in jBw'ra/ij, an early French poet, 

 was born at Paris in 1532,0* a family of fome rank. He was 

 » man of various Jplents, ftilled in the ancient languages, 

 and converfant in the arts of painting, fculpture, and archi- 

 teflure, as well as dextrous in the ufe of arms ; but his 

 ehief excellence was in poetry. He is faid to have made 

 Ave hundred Latin verfes in one night. He was the iirft 

 perfon who introduced tragedy and comedy in the ancient 

 form into French poetry. His Cleopatra is the earlicft of 

 French tragedies, and was aded with great applaufe before 

 Henry II. and all the great men of France. It is fimple in 

 Its plan, and provided with a perpetual chorus in imitation 

 of the ancient ilyl<-. The comedies of this writer are faid 

 to be fuperior to his tragedies ; he was undoubtedly po- 

 pular in his day, but was, nolwitliRanding, fuffered to fall 

 into indigence, to which his carelefsncfs and love of pleafure 

 contributed. He died in 1573, at the age of 41, a::d upon 

 his death-bed he dictated a lonnet to Charles IX., containing 

 levcre reproaches for deferting him in neceflity. His works 

 have been puljlilhed coUeftively at Paris and Lyons. 



JOG 



JODO, in Geography, a town of Japan, in tlie iilanj of 

 Niplion ; 5 miles S. of Meaco. 



JODOIGNE, a town of France, in the department of 

 Dylc, and chief place of a can-.on, in the diftrift of Nevelles : 

 the place contains 2012, and the canton 14,434, inhabitants, 

 on a territory of 165 kiltjmetres, in 28 communes. 



JOEL, or ihe Prophecy of Joel, a canonical book of the 

 Old Teftainent. Joel was the fon cf Petliuel, and the fecond 

 of the twelve lefler prophets. The llyle of this prophet is 

 elegant, perfpicuous, copious, and fiiient ; he is alio fub- 

 lime, animated, and energetic. In the ill and 3d chapters 

 he difplays the full force of the prophetic poetry, and (htwg 

 how naturally it inclines to the ufe of metaphors, aiiegories, 

 and companions. Nor is the conneciion of the matter lefs 

 clear and eminent than the complexion of tiie ttylc. But 

 after allowing him perfpicuity botli in language and arrange- 

 ment, it cannot be denied, that there is fometimes great 

 obfcurity in his fubjecl, and particularly in the latter part 

 of his prophecy. Aboi:t the beginning of the la!l century, 

 Plerraan Von der Handt, the Hardouin of Germany, at- 

 tempted to reduce Joel's allegories, as he calls them, to 

 Iambic verfe. Joel upbraids the Ifraelites for their idolatry, 

 and foretels the calamities they fnould fuffer as the punilh- 

 ment of that fin : but he endeavours to fupport them with 

 the comfort that their miferies fiiouldhave an end upon their 

 reformation and repentance. Some writers, inferring the 

 order of time in which the minor prophets lived from the 

 order in which tliey are placed in the Hebrew cooies, con- 

 elude that Joel prophefied before Amos, who was contem- 

 porary with XjKziah, king of Judah. Archbifhop U(he^ 

 makes this inference from JoeFs foretelUng that drought, 

 chap. i. which Amos mentions as having happened, chap. iv. 

 7, 8, 9. If we conlider the main deijgn of Joel's prophecv, 

 we ftiall be apt to conclude, that it was uttered after the 

 captivity of the ten tribes ; for he directs his difcourfe only 

 to Judah, and fpeaks dilUnclly of the facriiices and obla- 

 tions that were daily made in the temple. 



Biihop Newcome, adopting the conjecture of Drv.fius, 

 fuppofcs that he lived under the long reign of Maraffrh, 

 and before his converfion ; that is, fome time from 697 to 

 660 B. C. Lowth's Com. Lowth's PrsEl. xxi. New- 

 come's Attempt towards an improved VeVlion, Sec. of the 

 Twelve Minor Pruphetp. 



JOG HIS, a feet of heathen religious in the Eaft Indies, 

 who never m.arry, nor hold any thing in private property j 

 but hve on alms, and practife flrange feverities on them- 

 felves. 



They are fubjeft to a general, who fends them from one 

 country to anotiier to preach : they are, properly, a kind 

 of penitent pilgrims ; and are fuppofed to be a branch of 

 the ancient Gymnofophills. 



They frequent, principally, fuch places as are confecrated 

 by the devotion of the people, and pretend to live feveral 

 days together without eating or drinking. After having 

 gone through a courfe of difciphne for a certain time, they 

 look upon themfclves as impeccable, and privileged to do 

 any thing ; upon which they give a Iccfe to their pafilons, 

 and run into all manner of debauchery. 



JOGHY-COOPA, in Geography, z^loven of Adam; 90 

 miles N.W. of Gerghonge. 



JOGUES, or Yoous, certain ages, eras, or periods, of 

 extraordinary length, in tne chronology of the Hindoos. 

 Tiicy are four in number ; of wh ch the following is an ac- 

 count, extracted from Halhed's Preface to tlic Code of 

 Gentoo Laws, p. 36. 



I. The Suitte Jogue (or age of purity), is faid to have 



lafted three miliiou two hundred ihoufand 



nd ihey 

 hold 



