J O II 



■tergent. However, it is now very rarely ufed. The flowerj 

 only are dircded for life, as containing the greateft propor- 

 tion of the refinous oily matter, in which the medical efficacy 

 of the plant is fnppofed to rcfidc. Tlie dark pnnfta of the 

 petals and the capfules afford this eiTcntial oil, which is con- 

 tained in minute veiicles, or glands, and gives a red colour 

 to redilied fpirit, and to exprefled oils : the latter has been 

 long known in tlie iliops by the name of " oleum hyperici." 

 The colouring matter is faid to give a good dve to wool. 

 "WoodviUe's Med. Bot. 



John'.s, St., Co.'/c'ge, in America. See College. 



Jonx Je Froiitsra, St., in Geography. See Juajj de la 

 Frontera. 



John's Haven, a fmall feaport town in the parifh ftf 

 Benholme, and (hire of Kincardine, Scotland, was formerly 

 one of the molt confidcrable fifhing towns on the foutlyern 

 coait of Scotland. At prefent, however, it is much re- 

 duced, its trade declined, and population diminifhed. A 

 company of fail-cloth manufadlurers have eftablifncd v.orks 

 here, and thus given employment to the inhabitants. The 

 population of the parifh, in the year 1793, was calfjulated 

 at 1019. This place is 9 miles north of Montrofe. 



John's Ifiands, iflanJs of America, near the coaft of 

 South Carolina, S \V. of Charleftown harbour, divided 

 from James's ifiand by the river Stono, which for.ns a con- 

 venient and fafe port. 



John's Ifiand, an ifland in the bay of Quii/*a, Upper 

 Canada, oppolite the Mohawk fettlement, wi/Il of Ivich- 

 mond. 



John', St., a town of the ifland of May, on/i of the cape 

 Verd ifiands. — Alfo, one of the Virgin ifiandf, in the Weft 

 Indies ; 12 leagues E. of Porto Rico ; about ftve miles long, 

 and one broad ; faid to be the bell watered of ai4 the Virgin 

 iil^s, though it has little good land, and its exportations are 

 triflmg. Its harbour, called " Crawl bay," is reckoned 

 better than that of St. Thomas, and is accounted the beft to 

 the leeward of Antigua. . N. lat. 18 ' 7'. VvT. long. 64 32'. 

 —Alfo, a fea-port town well built, on the well coaft of the 

 ifland of Antigua. It is fituated in a paj-ifti of the fame 

 name, ou Loblolly bay. It is the capital of the ifland, and 

 a port of entry. Its harbour is excellent and well fortified. 

 This town is the refidtnce of the governor-general of the 

 leeward Charaibe ifiands ; here the anembly is held ; and its 

 port carries on a great trade. This town was nearly 

 deftroycd by fire in Auguft 1 769; upwards of 260 

 houfes being confumed, befides wharfs, cranes, &c. N. 

 lat. 17' 4'. \V. long. 62 4'. — Alfo, an ifland, called alfo 

 P/-;nre. Edward's JJland (which fee), in the gulf of St. 

 Lawrence, fituated at a fmall diftance to the weft of the 

 illand of Cape Breton, and to the north of Nova Scotia, to 

 which it is attached. Its coalts on the north and fouth are 

 much interfecled with bays ; it is well watered by rivers, 

 and its foil is for the moft part rich and fertile. It formerly 

 belonged to the French, who improved it to fuch advantage, 

 that it was deemed the granary of Canada, which it fup- 

 plied with plenty of corn, as well as beef and pork. On 

 the conqucftof Cape Breton in 1745, the inhabitants quietly 

 fubmitted to the Britifh arms. Its capital is Charlotte's 

 town, which is the refidence of the lieutenant-governor, who 

 is the chief officer in the ifland : its other towi:S are George 

 town. Prince's town, Hillihorough town, Pownal town, 

 Maryborough town, &c. Its length from N.E. to S W. 

 is reckoned about 100 (Pinkerton fays 60) miles, and its 

 mean breadth is 30 miles. The whole ifland is divided into 

 three counties, vtz. King's, Queen's, and Prince's counties, 

 which are fubd:vided into 14 parifties, confiHing of 27 town- 

 fliips, and comprehending in all 1,363,400 acres. The 



J O II 



number of inhabitants is eftimated at about 5'000. N. lat. 

 46' 20'. W. long. 63'-'. — Alfo, a fmall ifland in the Pacific 

 ocean, eaft of New Ireland, fo called by Schouten, and ty 

 Bougainville Bournand. S. lat. 4. E. long, ij^ 50'.^ 

 Alfo, a fmall ifland in the Red fca —Alfo, a fmall ifland in 

 the Weft Indies, north of St. Croix, and louth of Tortola ; 

 noted for its fine harbour, which, it is faid, is fufficient to 

 Contain the whole Britifli navy. — Alfo, a bay and ifland on 

 the welt coaft of Newfoundland, in the Ejulf of St. Law- 

 rence, at the S.W. end of tlie ftraits of Belleiile.— Alfo, a 

 town on the eaft coall of Newfoundland. N. lat. 47- 35'. 

 W. long. J2" 20'. — Alfo, a town of America, being the 

 north-wefternmoft in Suil'ex county, Delaware, fituated Et 

 the liead of Nanticoke river, about 22 miles S.V/. of Dover. 

 N. lat. 38' 48'. W. long. 75'' 40'. — Alfo, a town and fort 

 in Lower Canada, on the weft bank of Sorel river, at the 

 north end of lake Champlain, 2S miles fouth of Montreal. 

 This town has been eftabliftied as the fole port of entry and 

 clearance for all goods imported from the interior of the 

 United States into Canada, by the executive council of 

 Lower Canada, in July 1796. N. lat. 45 9'. W. long, 



72° 18' Alfo, a fea-port on the S.E. coaft of the ifland 



ofTinos. N. lat. 37 '32'. E. long. 25" ij'. — Alfo, a river 

 of America, in Eaft Florida, which riles in a fwamp in the 

 interior of the province, and purfues a northerri courfe, in a 

 broad navigable ftream, fpreading frequently into fpacious 

 bays or lakes, of which lake George is the chief. At its 

 mouth is a ftiifting bar ; I oi leagues north of St. Auguf- 

 tine. — Alfo, a river, called "Little St. John's, which rifes 

 in a fwamp called Ouaquephenogaw, and after a winding 

 courfe of about 200 miles, falls into Ap.-^lache bay, about 

 10 miles eaft of Apalache river. It is faid to be the purefl 

 and clearell of any in America, receiving, as the Indians 

 fay, no tributary Ifreams, but being fed by fprings which 

 gufli through its banks> Snd is about 200 yards broad, and 



about ij or 20 feet d'Cep at the town of Talaliafochetc 



Alfo, a river which is the largeft in the Britifh province of 

 New Brunfwick. From its mouth en the north fide of the 

 bay of Funchal to its main fource it is computed to be 350 

 miles ; tbf tide flows So or 00 miles up this river ; and it is 

 navigable for floops of 50 tons 60 miles, and for boats 200. 

 Its general courfe from its origin is E.S.E. It is the com- 

 mon route to Quebec. It furnifties the greateft plenty of 

 fdmon, bafs, and fturgeon. This river is fed by many tri- 

 butary ftreams, and in its various branches it waters and en- 

 riches a Ltrge traft of excellent country, which is fettled and 

 under improvement. The uplands are, in general, covered 

 with fine timber, fuch as pine and fpruce, hemlock and hard 

 wood, principally beech, birch, maple, and afli. The pines 

 on this river are the largeft in Britifh America, and afford a 

 confidcrable fupply of mafts for the Britifh navy. — Alfo, a 

 river of Africa, which runs into the Indian fea, S. lat. 

 31' 20'; and another of Africa, which runs into the At- 

 lantic, N. lat 19 2o'. — Alfo, a lake in Lower Canada, 

 which receives rivers almoft in every diredlion, and difcharges 

 its waters through Saguenai river into the St. Lawrence, at 

 Tadoufac. It is about 25 miles in diameter. 



JOHNNY GnoAT's House, the moft northerly dwelling 

 of Scotland, in the county of Caithnefs ; one mile W. of 

 Duncanfby Head. 



JOHNSBURY. a townftiip of America, in Ca'edonla 

 county, Vermont, bounded S.W. by Danville ; containing 

 663 inhabitants. 



JOHNSON, JoH!J, in Biography, a learned divine of the 



church of England, was born at Friendfbury, near Rochef« 



ter, in Kent, in the year 1662. He received the elements" 



of a good education at King's fchool, Cantertury, and from 



X X 2 thense 



