J O N 



JONJi Piscis, the Jonas-fjh, a name given by many- 

 authors to the common fliark, the canis carcharias of 

 authors. 



It lias this name from an opinion that it was the fifh which 

 fwallowed up the prophet of that name. But there are 

 many objeftions to fuch an opinion. 



JONAH, or the Prophecy of Jonah, who was the fon of 

 Amittai, and a native of Gathhcpher, a town belonging to 

 the tribe of Zebulon, in Lov/er Galilee, a canonical book 

 of the Old Teftament, in wliich it is related, that Jonah 

 was ordered to go and prophefy the deftruftion of the Nine- 

 vites ; but that difobediently attempting a voyage another 

 way, he war. difcovered by the riling of a fudden tempeft, 

 and caft into the fea, where he was fwallowed up by a large 

 fifli. Having lodged three days and three nights in the belly 

 of the fifli, he was difgorged upon the fliore : whereupon, 

 being feniible of his pall danger, and furprifing deliverance, 

 he betook himfelf to the journey and embaiTy to which he 

 was appointed. Arriving at Nineveh, the metropolis of 

 AfTyria, he, according to his commiflion, boldly laid open 

 to the inhabitants their fms and mifcarriagej, and proclaimed 

 their fudden overthrow ; upon which the whole city, by 

 prayer and falling, and a fpeedy repentance, happily averted 

 the divine vengeance, and efcaped tlie threatened ruin. 

 Jonah, in Head of admiring the divine clemency, was indig- 

 nant under the apprehenfion tliat his veracity would be fuf- 

 pecled, and that he would be deemed by the people to be a 

 falfe prophet. Having retired from the city, he prepai'ed 

 for himfelf a booth, over which a plant fprang up mira- 

 culoufly in one night, which, by its fpreasling foliage, lliel- 

 tered him from the burning heat of the fun. But the plant 

 fuddenly withering away, fo that he was expofed to a hif- 

 focating wind and the fun's fcorching beams, he again ex- 

 prelTed his impatience, and his wilh to die rather than to live 

 in fuch ciixumllances of diftrefs. At length, having been re- 

 proved for his impatient, querulous temper, and the con- 

 duft of Providence in fparing the Ninevites having been juf- 

 tiflcd to his full conviction, his complaints were filenccd. 

 Of his further hiftory we have no authentic account. 

 Jonah was the moll ancient of all the prophets whofe 

 writings are preferved in the Scripture canon. Some have 

 fuppofed that he prophefied in the latter end of Jehu's, or 

 the beginning of Jehoahaz's reign, at which time the king- 

 dom of Ifrael was brought very low by the opprelTions of 

 Hazael king of Syria. (2 Kings, xiii. 22.) Others refer 

 Ills predictions to the reign of Jeroboam H. king of Ifrael, 

 or beiween the years 823 and 783 B.C. 2 Kings, xiv. 2^. 

 New-come's Verfion and Notes. 



JONDAL, in Geography, a town of Norway, in the 

 the diocefe of Bergen ; 30 miles E. of Bergen. 



JONDISABUR, a town of Perfia, in tlie province of 

 Cluiliilan ; 185 miles E.S.E. of Bagdad. 



JONEIKISCHKEN, a town of Pruffian Lithuania; 

 36miles W. of Tiliit. 



JONES, in Biography, a WeKhman who was blind, and 

 the bell performer on the harp of his time. The old duch.efs 

 of Marlborougii would have retained him in her fervice, 

 with a penfion, as an inmate ; but he could not endure con- 

 finement, and was engaged by Evans, the landlord of a 

 well-accuftomed home-brewed ale-houfe, at tlie Hercules' 

 Pillars, oppofite Clifford's Inn palTage in Fleet-llreet, 

 where he performed in a great room up ftairs during the 

 winter feafon. He played extempore voluntaries, the fugues 

 in the fonatas and concertos of Corelh, and moll of his folos, 

 with many of Handel's opera fongs, with uncommon neat- 

 Jiefs, which were thought great feats, at a time when fcarcely 

 ,any thing but Welfli tunes with variations was ever at- 



J O N 



tempted on that inftrument in the hands of other harpers. 

 He alfo played on the violin, and accurately imitated on 

 that inftrument, to the great delight of the home-brewed 

 ale-drinkers, the fobs, fighs, and groans of a Quaker's 

 fermon. 



Evans dying, his widow took Cuper's Gardens in Surrey, 

 oppofite to Somerfet-houfe ; erefted an orchellra there, 

 wliicli was reckoned the bell for mufic in the kingdom ; fur- 

 nillied it with an organ, which was played by little Harry 

 Burgefs, the harpfichord-player at Drury-lane, with his 

 ufual unmeaning neatnefs ; and eflablillied the Gardens as an 

 evening place of entertainment for the fummer feafon, like 

 Vauxhall, with the addition of fire-works. But it was too 

 much in the vicinity of Drury-lane and Covent-garden for 

 order and decorum to be long preierved inviolate ; fo that 

 after four or five fummers, it was fuppreffed by tlie magif- 

 trates ; and poor Jones, who had been adir:itted as a per- 

 former in the orcheftra by mother Evans, (as fhe was 

 ufu ally called,) lofing both his falary and importance, died 

 about the year 174S. He was buried in Lambeth church- 

 yard, and his funeral proceflion, attended by a great number 

 of mufical people, was folemnized by the performance of a 

 dead march by a voluntary band of innumerable initru- 

 ments. 



Jones, John, late organift of St. Paul's, the Charter- 

 houfe, and joint organill of the Temple with Stanley. 

 The father of this mufician, a worthy man of profeflional 

 merit and good conduct, having lived many years at lady 

 Vanbrugh's, Whitehall, as a domellic mufician, prevailed 

 on her ladyfliip to patronize his fon ; which flie did fo ef- 

 feclually, that though his abilities as a performer or com- 

 pofcr were not above mediocrity, nor were his perfon or 

 manners very captivating, yet, by the zeal and influence of 

 his father's patronefs, he obtained three places, which are 

 regarded by miificians as the polls of honour in London, 

 and more defirable, if the king's chapel be excepted, than 

 any at which an organill can afpire. 



Jokes, John, a phyfician of the i6th century, and author 

 of feveral works, but of whofe hiftory httle more is known 

 than that he was born in Wales, or was of Wellh ex- 

 traftion ; that he ftudied at both our univerfities, and took 

 a medical degree at Cambridge ; and that he became eminent 

 in the practice of his profeffion at Bath, and in Notting- 

 hamlliire and Derbyfliire. He mentions curing a perfon at 

 Louth in 1562 ; and the date of his lall publication is 

 1579. He wrote only in the Englilh language, and left 

 the following works : i. "The Dial of Agues," Lond. 

 153-6 ; 2. " 'The Benefit of the ancient Bathes of Buckilone, 

 which cureth m.oll grievous Sicknefles," ibid. 1572. This 

 work contains very httle concerning either the nature or 

 killory of thefe baths ; but chiefly general du-edions, 

 compiled from ancient authors, relative to the diet and 

 regimen proper to be ufed with a courfe of ba'ihing ; 

 3. " The Bathes of Bath's ayde, wonderful and moll ex- 

 cellent againft very many Sicknefles," ibid. 1572. ; 4. " A 

 brief, excellent, and profitable Difcourfe of the natural 

 Beginning of all growing and living Things, Heat, Genera- 

 tion, &c." Lond. J 574 ; 5. " A Tranflation, from Latin 

 into Englifli, of Galen's tour Books of Elements," ib. 1574. 

 Dr. Aikin puts the following qu^re, after mentioning tliis 

 work : " Is not this the fame with the preceding piece J" 

 6. " The Art and Science of preferving Body and Soul in 

 Hcahh, Wifdom, and Cathohc Religion," 1579, 410. See 

 Aikin, Biog. Mem. of Med. 



Another phyfician, of the name of John Jones, is men- 

 tioned by bibliographers, who was born at Landaff, and 

 w^% admitted a member of the Royal College of Phyficians, 



