J O N 



entire, oval, pointed leaflets. Flowirs fmall, numerous, 

 white, axillary, and terminating in large, wide, fcattcred 

 panicles. 



JONTQmL. See Naucissi's. 



-JOXvSAC, in Gcn;rraphy, a town of France, and prin- 

 cipal place of a dillrict, in the department of the Lower 

 Charente; nini miles S.S.E. of Po;)s. The place contains 

 2,09, and the canton lug+i inhabitants, on a territory of 

 1871 kiliometres, in 20 communes. 



JONSBERG, a town of Sweden, in Eall Gothland, 

 near the coall of the Baltic ; 22 miles E. of Nordkioping. 



JONSON, or Johnson, Bekjamin, in B'lo^nxpby, an 

 F-nglilh poet, was born, in 157.J, at Weilminllcr, abont a 

 month after liis father's death. He was educated at Weft- 

 minder fchool under the learned Camden, and had made 

 great progrefs in his ftudies, when his mother, who had mar- 

 ried a bricklayer for a fecond hniliand, took him from 

 fchool to work under his father-in-law. From this employ- 

 ment he efcaped, cnlilled for a coir.mon foldier, and ferved 

 in the army, contending with the Spaniards in the Nether- 

 lands. On his return from a fervice in wliich he had gained 

 much reputation, he entered himfeif at St. John's college, 

 Cambridge ; hut the ftate of his finances obliged him foon 

 to quit this relidence. He next attempted the profeffion of 

 an attor on the ftage, but his talents were but ill adapted 

 to this bulinefs ; and from the life of an aclor lie iMidertook 

 the more arduous taik of dramatic writing. He was pa- 

 tronized by the immortal Shakfpeare. The firll piece 

 which Jonfon printed was " Every Man in his Humour," 

 aCled in 1598; his fuccefs in this eflbrt led him to furnidi 

 a play yearly, till his time was occupied by the compofuion 

 of the mal'ques, &c. with which the acceflion of king 

 James was celebrated. In 1609, he produced his " Epi- 

 cene, or Silent Woman," which is accounted the moil per- 

 fect of his comedies ; and in the following year " The 

 Alchemiit" was performed with great applaufe. So induf- 

 trioiis had his Mufe been, that in 1616 he publiftied a folio 

 volume of his works, and in the fame year lie received a 

 grant from the king of tlie falary of poet-laurcat for life ; 

 the ofRce being at that time occupied by another, but to 

 the duties of wiiich Jonfon fuccecded in 1619. He con- 

 tinued to write for tiie court and ftage, but, in 1629, one of 

 his comedies was hilTed oil. the ftage. From this time he 

 fell into necefiitous circumilances, owin,j as well to the 

 negligence of his difpoiition, as to his fondnefs for con- 

 vivial fociety. It has been alTerted, that king Charles I. 

 hearing of his diftrefs, lent him ten pounds, a prefent very 

 unfuitable to the means of a great monarch, and which t!ie 

 .poet received with an ill grace : the faft has, however, 

 been doubted, becaufe in Jonfon's works is to be found an 

 epigram, " To king Charles for an hundred pounds he fent 

 me in my ficknefs, 1629." From this period the powers 

 of his mind and body feemed to droop together, and his 

 later produftions are but mendicant poems iiddrefled to 

 differe.it patrons. He died in 16J7, at the age of fixty- 

 three. He was interred in Weilminfter Abbey, and the 

 infcription " O rare Ben Jonfon" was placed over his grave. 

 This fhort feiitcnce fiiews in what eiUmation his talents had 

 been held. He had indeed been regarded as at the head of 

 Englilh poetry, and was addrefled by the wits with the 

 reverential title of " Father Ben." The bufl that nov/ 

 marks his place in Weftminfter Abbey, was put up by the 

 fecond earl of Oxford. The fame of Jonfon is principally 

 founded up >ii his comedies, which were for a long time 

 reckoned the mod perfect in the Engliili language : but 

 tliey have gradually difappeared from the ftage. It is now 

 generally admitted that liis exctlienee was cur.iprifcd within 

 VoL.'XIX. 



J o P 



narrow limits, aiid chiefly coiififted in the prefcrvation of 

 the unities and tiie (kilful management of the plot, but he 

 was defettive in almoll every thing which makes comedy 

 plcafant. " As a general poet, Jonfon is for the moll part 

 liarfli, frigid, and tedious, perpetually in purfuit of fome 

 uncommon thought, which he wants tafte and genius to 

 render ftrikingand agreeable." Biog. Brit. 

 JONTHl.ASPI, m Botany. Sec Clypeola. 

 JONTHOS, ;V,;(,., in Medicine, fignilics fmall inflamed 

 tumours, or pimples, which occur in the face. It was 

 trandaled varus by the Latins, which term they alfo ap- 

 plied to the acne of the Greeks. 1'he ionthi, or vari, 

 according to Sauvages, " are thofe fmall, red, hard, and 

 obftinate tumours, which fcarcely ever fuppurate, do not 

 itch, are not painful, and only appear in the face." He 

 cop.liders them as of the fame nature with the Gutta rofai. 



JOOD-BOOD.ANG, in Geography, a town on the W. 

 coaft of the iftand of Celebes. S. lat. l" 39'. E. long. 

 119 21'. 



JOODPOUR, a circar of Hindooftan, being one of tli;.* 

 three great principalities into which Rajpootana is divided. 

 It was alio named Marwar. In Acbar's diviuon of the 

 empire, thefe principahties were clafled as belonging to the 

 foubah of Agimere, which is fometimes called Marwar. 

 Tiiis principality lies to the N. W., bordering angularly on 

 the other twu, -cl-z. Oudipour and Jyenagur. The revenue-v 

 are Hated to have been, in 17)9, 40 lacks of rupees. Thi.s, 

 as well as Oudipour, is very mountainous, with a fandy foil 

 in the vallies. (See Rajpootaxa.) — .Alfo, a town in ths' 

 above circar, in the country of Agimere ; 85 miles W.S.W. 

 of Agimere. N. ht. 26 7'. E. long. 73- 48'. 



JOOGD ANPOUR, a town of Bengal ; 16 miles N.W. 

 of Kiflienagur. 



JOOGDYA, a town of Bengal; 70 miles S. E. of 

 Dacca. 



JOOKY, a town of Bengal ; 14 miles N.E. of Bogli- 

 pour. 



JOOSTLAND, St., a fmall ifland of Holland, fepa- 

 rated from the iiland of Walcheren, by a narrow clianncl, 

 and containing one village. 



J00T6I-SIMA, or J.AOTSIMA, two fmall iflands of 

 Japan, near the N. eoaft of Niphon. N. lat. 37 56'. E. 

 long 137- jo'. 



lOPiEAN, among the ancients, an exclamation ufed on 

 account of a viftory, or forae profperous event. Hofthian 

 thinks that lo Pxfin is a contraclion of the Hebrew Jua, 

 from Jehovah, and nj^, nfpexit ; and was the fame with' 

 J.htjvah Penoch, i.e. Dominus ' rejpiciat ht-noi. Something 

 like this exclamation dill remains among the Synx-rones, a 

 people of the Weft Indies, who, on any joyful 6'ccaiian, 

 frequently cry out 2'o Peho. 



JOPPA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Pha:nicia,.fitu- 

 ated at the foiithern extremity of the plain of Saron, on a 

 high liill, which commanded a full profpeft of the fea on 

 one fide, and of a fertile country on the other. It had tlie 

 town of Jamnia on the S. ; Cxfarea Paleilina on the N. ; and 

 Rama, or Ramula, on the E. ; and it is often mentioned both 

 in the Old and New Teftament. The Greoks and PhaiiU 

 cians afcribe to it a very high antiquity ; and it is certain - 

 that it exifted 5C0 years before the Chriilian era, fmcc 

 Jofhua marks the limits of the tribe of Dan in the vicinity 

 of Japho, the Phanician name of this town. Joppa, which- 

 had a good port, and the cnly one that the Jews had on 

 the Mediterranean, belonged luccefiivcly to the Chaldeans, 

 Perfians, the La^idx of Egypt, and the Selcueidte of 

 Syria; and it was under the dominion of thefe lall 163 

 years B.C. Tlie inhabitants of this place provoked ilie 

 3 C indignation 



