JOS 



«f Galam. — Alio, a town of Canada, on the right bank of 

 the river St. Lawrence. N.lat. 46 4S'. W. long. 71 8'. 

 r— .^Ifo, a town on the W. coallof theidaml of Dominica; 

 TO miles S. of Porn'noudi. — Alfo, a town of Weit Flo- 

 rida, iltiiated.in a bay of the gulf of Mexico, to which it 

 gives nan-.e. N. lat. 2</ 48'. W. long. 85^.' _?4.'.— AHo, a 

 town of California.— Alfo, an illand in the llraits of Mane, 

 which convey the waters of lake Superior into lake Huron. 

 — Alfo, a lake in North America, 31 miles long, atid ij 

 broad, lying E. of lake Sal, and which fends its waters by 

 Cat lake river into Cat lake, and afterwards forms the 

 S.E. branch of Severn river. Ofnabnrgh houfe is on the 

 N.E. part of the lake— Alfo, a river which runs N.W. 

 into the S.E. part of lake Michigan. The Pautevvatamee 

 Indians refidc on this riv.-r, oppifite fort St. .lofcph. They 

 canraife 200 warriors. — Alfo, a river in the illand of Bar- 

 badoes, which runs into the fea ; four miles N.W. of Con- 



fett's bay Alfo, a lake of Canada. N. lat. 50 50'. 



W. loner. 90" 35'. 



St. JosEi'Jl, Fort, called alfo GalLim, a town of Afnca, 

 fituated on the river Senegal, in N. Lit. 14 34'. W. long. 



.Joseph Jl Onina, St., a town on the \V. coai^ of the ifland 

 of Trinidad. N. lat. 10 25'. W.. long. 60 55'. 



JosLPii le Pnchiur, St., a town of the ifland of Marti- 

 nico. , , ,. 



JOSEPHINIA, in Boinny, fo nam.'d by Ventenat, m 

 Jionour of his muniiicent patronefs .Tyfephine, the now 

 divorced emprefs of Buonaparte, whole claim to fiich coni- 

 jnemoralion we have already admitted ; fee tiuME.v. Ven- 

 ten. Malmais. 67. Brown. Prodr. Nov. HoU. v. I. 519. 

 Clafs and order, D'ulvinmh yh{wfpfnma. Nat. Ord. Lu- 

 lidje, Linn. Bl^n.ma:, Juff. Ptdatiine, Brown. 



Gen. Ch. Cal Perianth inferior, in five deep, nearly equal, 

 acute fegments. Cor. of one petal, ringeiit ; tube not much 

 longer than the caly.x ; throat dilated, bell-fliaped ; lunb 

 iive-lobed, fpreading, two-li;>ped, the upper hp in two equal 

 'rounded Icgme.its, lower in three, of which tlie middle one is 

 largell. i'/nw. Filaments four, awl-fnapcd, Ihorter than the 

 corolla, two of them iliortcr than the rcll, with the rudi- 

 ment of a fifth ; anthers heart-fuaped, of two cells. Pi/l. 

 Germen fuperior, pyramidal, rugofe ; ilyle cylindrical, about 

 equal to the ftamens ; ftigma in four equal, oblo-.;g, acute 

 fegments Pcric. Nat anguhtr, muricated, of from four to 

 eight cells. S.:eds folilary, ered, oblong. 



Elf. Ch. Calyx in five deep fegments. Corolla ringent ; 

 throat bel!-(liaped ; limb five-lobed, the middle fegment of 

 the lower lip longeft. Stigma four-ckft. Nut of feveral 

 ceiis, muricated. Seeds folitary, ereft. 



J. J. Impcratrlch. Vent. Malmais. t. 67.— Germen of 

 about four cells. Leaves lanceolate; elliptical, acute, 

 downy ber.eath like the liem. Segments of the calyx equal. 

 jSroaJH.— Gathered by the French voyagers on the well iide 

 of New Holland, who brought feeds to the garden cf La 

 Mahnaifon, where they fuccceded well. The plant is bien- 

 nial, floweriDg in the middle of fuinmer, decumbent, of an 

 inelegant or lurid afpeft, with large, toothed,; dull-green 

 ka-vcs. Flotverj axilliry, folitary, about an inch long, 

 whitilh, variegated and fpotted with dull purple. 



2. i. grandifiora. Brown. Prodr. v. 1.520— Germen 

 of ei-rht ccils.^ Leaves lanceolate, pointed, flighily downy 

 beneath. Stem fmooth. Upper fegment of the *alyx half 

 th? length of the. rcll. Lowelt fegment of the corolla more 

 than twice as long as the others. iVo.-^;;,— Gathered by 

 Mr. Brown in the tropical part of New Holland. 



JOSEPHSTHAL, in G.:osnq,hy, a town of Bohemia, 

 jjj me circle of Bolellau ; 12 miles N.N.E. of Turcau. 



J o s 



JOSEPHUS,- Flavil-s, in Biography, an emii.c" 

 .lewilli hillorian, was born in the year 37, when Calig-.i 

 was emperor. His father was Mattathias. defcended fro;:. 

 the ancient high-priells of the Jews : by his mother he was 

 of the royal liucaire of the Afmonceans, who, for a confi- 

 derable time, had the fupreme government of the Jewifli 

 nation. He was educated together with his brother Mat- 

 thias, and made fuch proficiency in knowledge, that when 

 he was but fourteen years of age, tli« highprieils, and fome 

 of. the principal people of the cit}', came frequently to con- 

 fu!t him about the right interpretation of things in the law. 

 In his. fixtecnth year he retired into the wildernefs, where 

 he lived in great abftemiournefs, and habits of felf-denial 

 during the fpace of three years. He ftudied the principles 

 of the leading fefts, and embraced, as the rule of his life 

 and conduct, thofe of the Pharifees, and being now nineteen 

 years of age, he began to act in public. At the age of 

 twenty-fix he went to Rome, where, by means of a Itagc- 

 player of his own nation, he obtained an introduction to 

 Poppsa, the emperor Nero's wife, by whofe intercll he pro- 

 cured the releafe of fome priells, whom Felix had fent pri- 

 foners from .Icrufalem. Returning home, he was appointed 

 by the revolted Jews governor of the two Galilees, in which 

 capacity, as a general, he bravely defended Jotapata againft 

 Vefpafian, but which was taken after a fiege of forty -feven 

 days. When the city was in the hands of the conqueror, 

 he gave orders to fearch for Jofephus, who had efcaped the 

 general inalfacrc, by concealing himfclf in a cavern cut- in. a 

 rock. In this gloomy recefs he met with forty men of emi- 

 nence who had concealed themfelves, and had with them 

 provifions fufficient for their fuppcrt feveral days. Ilpon 

 being difcovered, he propofcd to tl:; fi-tv r.v.n ■■}'^ had 

 taken refuge there, with him, thai ;! . ■ • /. i-, 



and upon tiieir deterininalion r.ir > : : : cial 



wounds, he perfuaded them 10 c:;:l I..,., u.^'^-..i..,) , \.ho 

 fliould kill the next man, and by an extraordinary civciun- 

 ftante he and one other were left the furvivors of the red. 

 Tliis iingle companion was eafily prevailed upon to join him 

 in accepting tjie proffered- mercy of the Romans. On beir.g 

 taken before Vefpafian, he boldiy predicted that v.hhin a 

 fliort time the empire would fall to the fhare of that general, 

 by which prediction, which %vas afterwards fulfilled, he Je- 

 curcd a favourable reception from him ; though he was re- 

 tained as a pnfoiier on account of the ufe v.lnch Vcfp:;fian 

 intended to make, of him in the farther ; . ' ihe 



war againft the Jews. It fliould feem 1. it- 



tered himfelf with tlie notion that he \' 1 a 



knowledge of future events. " It is likvi) n; ,1 ili. vui- 

 cious and learned I^ardner, " that he often thought of .lofeph 

 in Egypt, and of Daniel in Babylon, and was" in hopes of 

 making a like figure at the court of Rome. But I fnppofe 

 it may be no dilparagemcnt to Jofephus to fay, that he was 

 not equal to them 111 vjifdom, or in virtue and integrity." 

 As foon as Vefpafian was feated on the imperial throne, Jo- 

 fephus was fct at liberty, and was taken by Titus with him 

 when 'he marched to lay fiege to Jerufalem. Here he faw 

 the ruin of his country, of which he afterwards l>ecame the 

 hillorian. He was fent into the city with offers of peace 

 upon condition cf the fubmiinon of his countrymen. They 

 defpifed his oflers, and rejeftcd his couiifels with fcorn. The 

 Jews nowconlidered him as adeferter and traitor to their caufe, 

 and it is a fail that they never manifeiled any peat rcfpett 

 for his writings. During the progrels of the fiege he did 

 not ceafc exhorting them to avoid their inevitable fate by a 

 timely furrender, and once, appro,achi:ig too near the walls, 

 he received a wound v/hichlaid him ienfelefs on the ground. 

 At. the caplure of th? city, Jofephua obtained the hbera- 



lion 



