T o s 



J o u 



■emulators, was too full of thoms.bramloles, and impcdimcTits, .70SS, or Joostje, in Mythology, an idol tvorfhipped by 



to be purfucd by men of common genius and abilities, tlie Cliniefe at fome of their grand feftivals, which they ob- 



Paintivg and fculpture, which arc to dcHglit and deceive the ferve by way of interceffion for the fick at Batavia an(i 



eye, do not, any more than muiic, conline their powers to elfcwhere. To this idol they offer codly prefents ; and 



the mere endeavour at plealing the fenfe of which Jhey are the they alio make a large vefTel of paper and combullible 



object ; and there are pictures, ftatues, and mufical compo- 

 Ctions, which aflord very little pleafm-e but what is mtellec- 

 tiial, and ai-ifmg from rcfleftion on the learning, covreftnefs, 

 and great labour which the artift. mull have bellowed on 

 tiiem. 



Canons of difficult folution were, to muficians, a fpccics of 



problem, and fervcd more to exercife the mind than pleafe the monolatry. 



materials, adorning it with flags, and then fetting it on fire 

 till it is confumed. The name JooHje, given to this idol by 

 the Dutch, which the Englilh feanicn call Jofs, is a Dutch 

 nick-name for the devil, and was probably given to this 

 idol by the Dutch, when they iirll favi' it, either from its 

 ppcarance, or from the piinciple that all idolatry is de- 



ienfe ; and though a peculiar genius, or penetration, is re- 

 quifite for the quick difcovery of riddles and rcbulFes, yet, 

 ftill more cunning is neceffary to their produftion ; and, 

 however contemptuoufly thefe harmonical contrivances may 

 be treated by the lazy lovers of more airy and fimple compofi. 



tiotis, the ftudy of them is ilill of fuch ufe to mufical fludents, ^^- y-,'_ ^y. Jong 

 in their private exercifes, that a profound and good contra- 

 puntift has, perhaps, never yet been made by other means. 

 Thofe who defpife thii feejning -.Gothic pedantry too much, 

 refemble fuch Jialf-brodlcholars, as have expected to arrive 

 at a confummate knowledge of the Roman claffics, without 

 fubmitting to the di-udgcry of grammar and fyntax. Indeed 

 a great compofer.has, perhaps, never exifted fincethe inven- 

 tion of counterpoint, who, at his moments of leifure, has not 

 attempted to manifeil fuperior learning and flcill in the pro- 

 dutlion of canons, and other difficult arrangements and com- 

 bination of found ; and who, if he fucceeded, was not vain 

 of his abilities. Before the cultivation of dramatic nmfic, 

 as canon and fugue were univerfally lludied and reverenced, 

 they were brougfet to fuch a degree of perfedioii, as is 

 wonderful ; and though good talle has long baniflicd 

 them from the theatre, vet the church and chamber ftill. 



JOSSELIN, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of Morbihan, and chief place of a canton, in the 

 dillria of Ploermel; 19 miles N.N.E. of Vannes. The 

 place contains 2678, and the canton 14,157 inliabitants, on 



territory of 215 kiliometres, in IQ communes. N. lat. 



J06SLIOKA, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 

 Sandomirz ; 76 miles S.S.W. of Sandomirz. 



JOSVO, a town of Hungary ; if) miles W. of Cafcliau. 



JOTAKO, a fma'.l ifland in' the Mediteraniicui ; z miles' 

 E. of Teaki. 



JOTAN, a town of Afiatic Turkey, on the "\V. coaft. 

 of Natolia, near cape Arbre ; :o miles N. uf Milets. 



JOTAPATA, in Anc'ient Geography, a town of Phcenicia, 

 fituatcd in tlie vicinity of Ptolemais. It was defended by 

 Jofephus the hillorian, but at laft taken by Vefpafian, iu 

 the reign of Nero, A.D. 67. Its defence lailed for fevcn 

 weeks, and 40,000 Jews were killed. Jofeph. de Bel. Jud. 



JOUAN ch l'Lsle, St., in Geography, a town of France, 

 in the department of the North Coalts, and chief place of a 

 canton, in the diftricl of Dinan ; 24 miles S. of St. Malo. 



occafionally, retain them, with great propriety: in the The place contains 685, and the canton 8543 inhabitants, 



.church they preclude levity, and in the chamber exercife in- on a territory of 150 kihometrea, in 8 communes. N. lat, 



genuity. 48° 12'. W. long. 2^ 29', 



As Euclid ranks firft among ancient geometricians, fo .10UBERT, Laurent, in Biography, a learned phyli- 



Jofquin, for the number, difficulty, and excellence of his cian, and royal profeffor at Montpellier, was born at Valence, 



Eiufical canons, feems entitled to the firll place among the in the province of Dauphine, in France, on the i6th of 



old compofers, who have been moft afCduous and fuccefsful December 1,29, of a good familv. After he had finifhed 



in the cultivation of this difficult fpecies of mufical caleu- his fchool education, he went to Montpellier, where he 



lation, 



But though the ftyle of Jofquiu; 



his fe, 



Dofiti( 



is grave, and chiefly in fugue, imitation, and year 



matriculated in the faculty of medicine on the ill of 

 March 1550, and took his degree of bachelor the foUowiiig 



1550, and 

 He afterw 



other contrivances, with little air or melody ; yet this the leftures of the celebrated Fallo 



ards ftudied at Padua, where he attended 



puis. 



nd at fome other 



defect is amply fupplied to contrapuntills, and lovers of places; but returning to Montpellier, he finilhcd his 1 

 choral mufic, by purity of harmony and ingenuity of de- cifes, and received the degree of dodor in the year 1558. 

 £gn. Indeed, we have never fcen, among all his produc- The manner in which he had performed his a6ts procured 

 tions that we have fcored, a fingle movement which is not for him fo much of the confidence and efteein of Houorc 

 llamped with fome mark of the great maftcr. And though Caftellan, that this profeffor, being fummoncd to court in 

 fugue and canon were fo univerfally cultivated in his time, the following year, to hdd the office of firll phyfician of 

 when there were many men of abilities in this elaborate and Catharine de Medicis, queen of Henry II. he nominated 

 complicated kind of writing ; there is fuch a manifeil fupe- Joubert to give the Icftures in the fchools during his ab- 

 riority in bis powers, fuch a fimpk majeily in his ideas, and fence ; and his nomination met with the fandioH of the 

 fuch dignity of defign, as wholly juftify the homage which faculty. Joubert (hewed himfelf worthy of the lionourable 

 ie received. appointment, and acquitted himfelf in fo dillinguiffied a 

 It will, perhaps, be thought that too much notice manner, that on the death of profeflbr Rondelet in 1566, 

 has been taken of this old compofcr and his works; but as he was immediately named his fuccefTor in the chair. He 

 he is one of the great heroes of the art, and the type of was likewife the fecond fuccefibr of Rondelet in the dig- 

 all mufical excellence at the time in which he fiouriihed, the nity of chancellor, having followed Saporta in 1574. He 

 Jefs need be faid of his contemporaries, who, in general, was called to Paris by Henry HI. in K7g, who cnteiv 



vers but his imitators. 



Jofquin, according to Walthcr (0@liQcaIifc!)rs Cc^icon), 

 was buried in the church of St. Gedulc, at Bruffels, where 

 his figure and epitaph are ili'l to be fcen. His death mull 

 iave happened early in the i6th century. 



'?79> 

 tained hopes that Joubert would be able to cure the bar- 

 renncfs of Louifa de Lorraine, his queen. But his attempts 

 proved unfuccefsful ; and he returned to Montpellier with 

 the title of phyfician in ordinary to the king, and continued 

 to praftife his profeffion there to the end of his life, which 



happened 



