J O V 



Ti:>ppen5j on the 21ft of Odober jjS^, when he was on the 

 road from Thouloufe. 



This phyfician was the autlior of fcvcral worts, and 

 Tvrote with much corredncfs M\d even elegance. A col- 

 ledion of thofe, which were written in the Latin language, 

 has been frequently reprinted under the title of " Operum 

 Latiuorum Tomus primus et fecundus.'' The firlt edition 

 is that of Lyons, in 15S2, folio ; the fubfequent ones ap- 

 peared at Frankfort, in 1599, 1645, and 166S, alfo in folio. 

 The following have been publillied feparately : " Paradoxa 

 Medica, feu de Fobribiis," Lyons, 8vo. 1566 ; " Do IVlle, 

 Quartana.ct Paralyfi," ibid. 1567, 8vo. The treatife on the 

 plague was alfo publiflied in French, in 1581 ; «■ D." affeai- 

 bus pilorum et cutis, prxfertini capitis, et de Cephalalgia. 

 De afTedibus intcrnis partium Thoracis," Geneva, l^jz. 

 Lugd. 1577, 1578 ; " Traitc du Ris, fon effcnce, fes canfcs 

 ct effels, ' Paris, IJ74, 1379,8^-0.; " Modicinx Pradiccs 

 Libri tres," Luird. 1^77, l2mo.; " Pharmacopoeia a Joanne 

 Paulo, fangmaiftero, edita," ibid. IJ79, 8vo. j " Traitc dcs 

 arcbufades," ibid. 158 1. This, however, is the third edi- 

 tion ; the work was feveral times printed, and contains 

 very corred opinions and precepts refpeding the nature 

 of gun-iliot wounds ; " Guidonii de Cauliaco Chirurgia 

 Magna," ibid. I385, with notes by the editor. The fame 

 work was tranflated into French, by Ifaac Joubert, his fon, 

 and went through nine or ten editions ; " Traitc de.s Eaux," 

 Paris, 160J, iimo. But of all the works of Laurent 

 Joubert, that in which he ventured to raife his voice againtl 

 popular medical errors, was the mod: diftinguiflied ; " Er- 

 reurs popiilaires touchant la Mcdccine," Bourdeaiix, 1579. 

 This work made fo great an imprefTion upon the public 

 mind, that it was printed ten fucceffive times in the courfe of 

 fix months. Eloy. Did. Hill, de la Med. 



JOUER d.-s Instrumexs, Fr. to play upon mufical in- 

 flruments. The French fay jouer du violon, ds la hajfe, du 

 hautheis, d: lajlutc ; toucher h clavecin, et les orgues ; fanner la 

 trompeite ; donner du cor ; f'mcer la gu'Uarr.'. They play on 

 the violin, the violoncello, the hautbois, and the flute ; but 

 they touch the harpfichcrd and the organ ; found the trum- 

 pet and French horn ; and pinch the guitar. 



JOUGH-HOLES, in Mining, is the name, in fome parts 

 of Derbyfltire, for lenticular cavities, principally in the ver- 

 tieal joints or in the veins, whicii are lined with cryftals. 

 Thefe are called tick-holes, drufes, lochs, nefts, S:c. in 

 other fituations. Tiie manner in which thefe curious holes 

 were formed and left is endeavoured to be explained in Mr. 

 .Farey's Report on Derbvfhire, vol. i. p. 247. 



.IOVL-\LE Arcanum. See Arcanlm. 



JoviALE Bezoardlcum. See Bezoakdicum. 



JOVL\N, in Biography, a Roman emperor, born about 

 the year 531, was a native of Singidunum, in Pannonia, and 

 fon of count Varronian, who had a I'igh reputation in the 

 ftate, and who was enjoying, in honourable retirement, the 

 fruit of his long fervices. The fon had been brought up 

 to arms, and had obtained fo much reputation as a com- 

 mander, that although an avowed ChriiU.m, the emperor 

 Julian would not fuffer him to refign, upon offering to do 

 fo rather than quit his religion. On the death of Juhan, in 

 his expedition againft the Perfian empire, June 363, Jovian, 

 wlio was but tlie firil of domeftics, was nominated to the 

 purple. At fir.1 a few voices only falutcd him with the 

 names of Emperor and Auguilus. The tumultuary accl;;- 

 n.aiion was inllantly repeated by the guards who furrounded 

 the tent, and pall'cd, in a few minutes, to the extremity of 

 the line. Mo prince was ever raifed to the throne under 

 •more critical circumftances. The Pvoman army, diftre&d 

 sad difpirited, was retreating from the eneiriy's country 



J o u 



towards its own frontiers, purfued and continually liaraflTed 

 by a much fuporior force. He made a difadvanlagcous 

 peace with Perfia, fliut up the heathen temples, recalled the 

 banilhed clerg)-, and from henceforth it was determined 

 that ChrilHanity fliould enjoy an uninterrupted triumph over 

 hcathenifm. On arriving at Antioch he difplayed his at- 

 tachment to the orthodox dodrine, by refloring the churches 

 to all the adherents of the council of Nice. At the fame 

 time, in order to (juiet the minds of his fubjedls of the old 

 religion, he iffucd a decree of toleration, permlttin,! ti.e 

 cxercife of the ccrem.onies of the pagan worihip. He left 

 Antijch in the winter-feafon, and proceeded to Corllanti- 

 nople. He caiif-d fonie ornaments to be added to the ton.b 

 of Ju'.ian, at Tarfus, as he palfed. At Ancyra he allumed 

 the title and enligns of the confullhip, and conferred tlio 

 fame on his infant fon. Dadaftana, an obfcure town, at 

 about an equal dillancc from Ancyra and Nice, was markrd 

 for the fatal term of his journey and his life. After i:i- 

 dulging in a plentiful, perkaps an intemperate fupper, l.f; 

 retired to rell, and in the next morning he was found dead 

 in his bed. The body of the dcccafed emperor was lent t» 

 Conllantinople to be interred with his prcdeccffors. Hi* 

 fudden death was imputed either to the effects of an over- 

 loaded ilomach, or to the gas arifing from burning char- 

 coal, which had been placed in his chamber to dry tlii- 

 walls. This event happened in the eighth rawntli of his reign, 

 and in the thirty-third year of his age. Gibbon. Univ. 

 Hilt. 



JOVIUS, Paul, an eminent hiftorian, was born at Como, 

 in Lombardy, in 143 5. Having received a good education, 

 he went to Rome, where he wrote a work, entitled " Df 

 Pifcibus Romanis." He had a penfion from Francis L king 

 of France; and Clem.ent VH. gave him the bilhopric of 

 Nocera, an office to which he did no credit, on account of 

 his debauched manner of living. He died at Florence ia 

 1452. His principal work is a hillory of his own time, whicii 

 was publifhed at Stralhurgh in 1556. He alfo wrote the 

 lives of illuHrious men. Fie had a brother who wrote a 

 hiflory of Switzerland. Moreri. 



JOULOPPED, in Heraldry, a term applied to the gills 

 of a cock, when borne of a different tindure from his 

 head. 



JOULTS, in Mining, is applied, in Derbylhirc, to pieces ' 

 of fpar and lead-ore intermixed, from the ilze of walnuts 

 to that of the tilu Sometimes thefe are called knockiiigs, 

 or hannaway. See Farcy's Derbyfliirc Report, vol. i. 

 ?■ 3^>9- 



JOUNPORA, in Geography, a t«wn of Hindooftan, ia ; 

 Bahar ; 25 miles S.W. of'Patn.n. 



JOURA, a barren ifland in the Greci m Arch'p lagr, 

 about 16 miles in circuit; 12 miles S.\S'. of j'Vndrns. 

 N. hit. 37' 37'. E. long. 24" 46'. 



JOURKOUP, a town of Aliatic Turkey, in Cara , 

 mania ; 50 miles E.N.E. of Akferai. 



JOURNAL, a day-book, regiller, or account of what 

 pafles daily. See Dairy. 



JoUKS'AL, ia Merchants' jlccounts, is a book into whioU 

 every particular article is poited out of thewalle book, and 

 made debtor. This is to be very clearly worded, and jairl)^ 

 engroffed. See Bcok-kekpikg. 



Journal, in Sea ylj'airs, is a regifler kept by the pilot, 

 and others, wherein notice is taken of every thing that haj)- 

 pens to the ihip, from day to day, and from hour to hour; 

 with regard to the winds, the rhumbs, tlie rake, fouiidint^., 

 &c. in order to enable him to adjull the .reckom.-g, and iliv 

 lermine the place wicre the ihip is. 



In 



