JOURNAL. 



"JouRVAl-'is now "become a common name for newfpapers, 

 which detail tlie daily tranfadUons of Europe. 



JouRXAL is iilfo ufed for the title of feveral books which 

 come out at dated times ; and give abltraCts, accounts, &c. 

 «f the new- baolis that are publilhed, and the new improve- 

 ments daily made in arts and fcicnces. 



The firll joiirnal of this kind was, the " Journal des S?a- 

 ■vans," printed at Paris : tlie defign was fet on foot for the 

 eafe of futh as are too bnfy, or too lazy, to read the en- 

 tire book thcmfelves. It feems an excellent way of fatis- 

 fying a man's curiolity, and becoming learned upon eafy 

 terms ; and fo ufeful has it been found, thai it has been 

 executed in moft other countries, though under a great va- 

 riety of titles. 



Of this kind are the " Afta Ernditorum of Leipfic ;" 

 the " Nnuvelles de la Republique des Lettres" of M. Bayle, 

 &c. ; the " Bibliotheque Univerfelle, Choilie, et Ancient 

 et Modorne," of M. le Clerc ; the " Memoires de Tre- 

 voux, &c." In 1692, Juncker printed in Latin, an " Hif- 

 torical Treatife of the Journals of the Learned," pubhihed 

 in the feveral parts of Europe ; and Wolfius, Struvius, 

 Morhof, Fabricius, &c. have dene fomething of the fame 

 kind. The " Philofophical Tranfactions of I^ondon ;'' the 

 " Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences :" tliofe of 

 the " Academy des Belles Lettres ; " the " Mifcellanea 

 Naturx Curioforum ;" the " Experiments of the Academy 

 del Cimento ;" the " Acta Philo-exoticorum Nature et 

 Artis," which appeared from March 16S6, to April 16S7, 

 and which are a hiftory of the Academy of BrefTe ; the 

 <' Mifcellanea Berolinenfia," or Memoirs of the Academy 

 of Berlin ; the " Commentaries of the Academy of Peters- 

 burg," the " Memoirs of the Inllitute at Bologna," the 

 ♦' Afta Literaria Suecise," the " Memoirs of the Royal 

 Academy at Stockholm," begun in 1740, the " Commen- 

 tarii Societatis Regije Gottingenfis," begun in 1750, &c. 

 &c. are not fo properly journals, though they are frequently 

 ranked in tiie number. Juncker and Wolfius give the ho- 

 nour of the firft invention of journals to Photius. His 

 " Bibliotheca," however, is not altogether of the fame 

 nature with the modem journals ; nor was his delign the 

 fame. It confifts of abridgments, and extracts of books 

 which he had read during his embaffy in Perfia. M. Salo 

 firft began the " Journal des S^avans," at Paris, in 1665, 

 under the name of the Sieur de Hedouville ; but his deatli 

 fbon after interrupted the work. The abbe Gallois then 

 took It up, and he, in the year 1674, gave way to the 

 abbe de la Roque, who continued it nine years, and was 

 fucceeded by M. Coufin, who carried it on till the year 

 1702, when the abbe Bignon inftituted a new fociety, and 

 committed tlie care of continuing the Journal to them, who 

 improved and publilhed it under a new form. The other 

 French journals are the •« Memoirs and Conferences of 

 Arts and Sciences, by M. Dennis, during the years 1672, 

 1673, and 1674;" " New Difcoveries hi all the Parts of 

 Phyfic," by M. de Biegny ; the "Journal of Phyfic,' 

 begun in 1684, and fome others, difcontinued almoft as foon 

 as begun. " Rozier's Journal de Phyfique,' ' begun in July, 

 1771 ; " Annales Chimiques," &c. &c. The " Nouvelles 

 de la Repubhque des Lettres," News from the Republic of 

 L.etters, were begun by M. Bayle in 1684, and carried on 

 by him till the year 1687, when M. Bayle being difabled 

 by ficknefs, his friends, M. Bernard and M. de la Roque, 

 took them up, and continued them till 1699. After an 

 interruption of nine years, M. Bernard relumed the work, 

 and continued it till the year 1710. The " Hillory of the 

 Works of the Learned, " by M. Bafnage, was begun ii; 

 ihe year 16S6, and ended in 1710. The " Univcrfai Hif- 



torical Library," by M. Le Clerc, was continued to the 

 year 1693, and contained twenty-five volumes. The " Bib- 

 liotheque Choifie," of the fame author, began in 1703. 

 The " Mercury of France" is one of the mod ancient 

 journals of that country, and was continued by different 

 hands ; the " Memoirs of a Hillory of Sciences and Arts," 

 ufually called Memoires des Trevoux, from the place wh'.ie. 

 they are printed, began in 170 1. The " Effays of Litera- 

 ture" reached but to a twelfth volume in 1702, 1703, and 

 1704 ; thefe only take notice of ancient auihors. The 

 " Journal Literaire," by father Hugo, began and ended in 

 1705. At Hamburgh, they have made two attempts for 

 a French journal, but the defign failed : an " Ephemeridc* 

 S^avantes" has alfo been undertaken, but that i'oon difap- 

 peared. A " Journal des Scavans," by M. Dartis, ap- 

 peared in 1694, and was dropped the year following. That 

 of M. Chauvni, begun at Berlin in 1696, held out three 

 years, and an eiTjy of the fame kind v.-as made at Geneva. 

 To thefe may be added, the " Journal Literaire," begun at 

 the Hague in 17 15, and that of Verdnii, and the " Me- 

 moires Literaires de la Grande Bretagne," by M. de la 

 Roche ; tlie '• Bibhothcque Angloife," and " Journal Bri- 

 tannique," which were confin d to Englifh books alone. 

 The Italian journals are, that of abbot Nazaii, which lalled 

 from 1668 to 1 68 1, and was printed at Rome. That of 

 Venice began in 1671, and ended at tlic fame time with the 

 other : the authors were Peter Moretti, and Francis Miletti. 

 The "Journal of Parma," by Roberti and father Bacchini, 

 was dropped in 1690, and refnmed again in 1692. The 

 " Jojroal of Ferrara," by the abbe de la Torre, began and 

 ended in 1691. " La Galerio di Miucrva," begun in 1696, 

 was the work of a fociety of men of letters. Seignior 

 Apoftolo Zeno, fecretary to that fociety, began another 

 journal in 1710, under the protedion of the grand duke: 

 it was printed at Venice, and feveral perfons of dillindion 

 had a hand in it. The " Falli Eruditi della Bibliotheca 

 Volante," were pubhihed at Parma. There has appeared 

 fince, in Italy, the " Giornale del Letterati " 



The principal among the Latin journals is that of Leip- 

 fic, kept under the title of " Ada Eraditoriim," begun in 

 1682 : P. P. Manzani began another at Parma. The 

 " Nova Literaria Maris Balthici," laded from 1698 to 1708. 

 The " Nova Literaria Gerraaniac," collected at Hamburgh, 

 began in 1703. The " Ada Literaria ex Miuufcriptib," 

 and the " Bibliotheca Curiofa," began in 1705. and ended 

 in 1 707, are the work of Struvius. Medrs. Kulter andSike, 

 in 1697, began a " Bibliotheca Novorum Libroruni," ar.d 

 continued it for two years. Since that time there have been 

 many Latin journals ; fuch, befules others, is tlie " Com- 

 mciitarii de Rebus in Scientia Naturali et Medicini gedis," 

 by M. Ludwig. The Swifs journal, called " Nova Lite- 

 raria Helvetia?," waa begun in ijoi, by M. Scheuchy.er ; 

 and the " Acta Medica Hafnenfia," publifhcd by T. Bar- 

 tholin, make five volumes, from [lie year 1671 to 1679. 



There are two Low Dutch journals ; the cue under the 

 title of •' Boockzal van Europe ;" it was begun at Rotter- 

 dam, in 1692, by Peter Rabbus ; and continued, from 170; 

 to 1708, by Sewel and Gavern : the otiier was done by a 

 phytician, called Ruiter, who began in 17 10. The Gcr- 

 man journals of bell note are, the " Monallilichen ITnter- 

 redungen," which held from 1689 to 169S. The '• Biblio- 

 theca Curiofa," begun in 1704, and ended in 1707, both 

 by M. Tenzel. The " Magafin d'Hambourg," begun ia 

 174S; the " Phyficalifche Beludigunzin," or Philofophi- 

 cal Amufements, begun at Berlin in 17J1. The " Journal 

 of Hanover," began in J700, and continued for two year* 

 by M. Eccard, under the direction of M. Leibnitz, and 



aflerwirds 



